Which adverse effects associated with levodopa therapy would support the nursing diagnosis Risk for Injury?
A.
Orthostatic hypotension
B.
Nausea and vomiting
C.
Anorexia and depression
D.
Tachycardia and palpitations
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is A. Orthostatic hypotension.
Explanation:
Orthostatic hypotension is a significant adverse effect associated with levodopa therapy, which can directly support the nursing diagnosis of Risk for Injury. Levodopa, a common treatment for Parkinson’s disease, works by increasing dopamine levels in the brain. However, it can also lead to various side effects, including orthostatic hypotension.
Orthostatic hypotension is characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure when a person transitions from lying down or sitting to a standing position. This drop in blood pressure can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or even fainting. When patients experience orthostatic hypotension, they are at a higher risk of falls and related injuries, making it a significant concern in the context of risk for injury.
Detailed Impact:
- Fall Risk: Patients may feel dizzy or unsteady upon standing, which increases their likelihood of falling. Falls can lead to serious injuries such as fractures or head trauma.
- Impaired Mobility: Due to dizziness and instability, patients might avoid moving or standing, which can lead to muscle weakness and further mobility issues.
- Monitoring and Management: Regular monitoring of blood pressure is crucial for patients on levodopa. Educating patients about slowly changing positions and the importance of reporting symptoms can help manage this risk.
While other side effects like nausea and vomiting (B), anorexia and depression (C), and tachycardia and palpitations (D) are notable, they do not directly translate into a heightened risk for physical injury in the same way orthostatic hypotension does. Nausea and vomiting might affect a patient’s overall well-being and adherence to medication, and anorexia and depression can impact a patient’s general health and motivation, but they do not specifically increase the risk of physical injury. Tachycardia and palpitations are concerning for cardiovascular issues but are less directly related to immediate physical injuries than orthostatic hypotension.
Therefore, orthostatic hypotension is the most relevant adverse effect to consider for the nursing diagnosis of Risk for Injury in patients undergoing levodopa therapy.