Patient Data
Exhibits
Review of History, Physical, and Laboratory Results
Based on the findings, indicate whether each represents a modifiable risk factor, a non-modifiable risk factor, or is unrelated to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A.
Body mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/m²
B.
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) of 43 mg/dL (1.11 mmol/L)
C.
Sister with type 2 diabetes mellitus
D.
Occupational fume exposure
E.
Cannabis use
The correct answer and Explanation is :
To classify the patient data based on its relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus, each finding can be categorized as follows:
A. Body mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/m² – Modifiable risk factor
A BMI of 28 kg/m² falls in the overweight category (BMI 25–29.9), which is a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Excess body weight, especially visceral fat, increases insulin resistance, leading to impaired glucose regulation. Reducing BMI through diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes can lower the risk of developing diabetes.
B. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) of 43 mg/dL (1.11 mmol/L) – Modifiable risk factor
An HDL level of 43 mg/dL is slightly lower than the recommended value (≥50 mg/dL for women and ≥40 mg/dL for men). Low HDL is linked to insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular risk, both associated with type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle modifications, such as increased physical activity and dietary changes, can improve HDL levels.
C. Sister with type 2 diabetes mellitus – Non-modifiable risk factor
A family history of type 2 diabetes is a non-modifiable risk factor. Having a first-degree relative with diabetes significantly increases the likelihood of developing the disease. While this risk cannot be changed, lifestyle interventions can still help mitigate the chances of developing diabetes.
D. Occupational fume exposure – Unrelated to type 2 diabetes mellitus
There is no direct evidence linking occupational fume exposure to type 2 diabetes. This factor is more likely to be associated with respiratory conditions or other health issues rather than diabetes.
E. Cannabis use – Modifiable risk factor
While the relationship between cannabis use and type 2 diabetes is not fully understood, some studies suggest that heavy cannabis use may lead to an increased risk of insulin resistance and altered glucose metabolism. Reducing or stopping cannabis use is a modifiable factor that can help improve overall health.
Explanation:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is influenced by both modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Modifiable risk factors include lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise, weight, and substance use, all of which can be altered to reduce the risk of developing diabetes. Non-modifiable risk factors, such as family history, cannot be changed but still inform the individual’s risk profile. Understanding these factors helps healthcare professionals and patients implement preventive strategies effectively.