Modifiable risk factors for CAD
A.
High HDL
B.
Orthostatic hypotension
C.
Obesity
D.
None of the above
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is C. Obesity.
Explanation:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is influenced by various risk factors, which are typically categorized into modifiable and non-modifiable. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be altered through lifestyle changes or medical interventions, whereas non-modifiable factors are those that cannot be changed, such as age, gender, and family history.
Obesity is a well-established modifiable risk factor for CAD. Excess body fat, especially abdominal fat, is associated with numerous metabolic disturbances, including insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid levels), all of which contribute to the development of CAD. Obesity can lead to the accumulation of plaque in the coronary arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow to the heart. Weight loss through diet, exercise, and sometimes medical intervention can significantly reduce the risk of developing CAD and improve overall cardiovascular health.
In contrast:
A. High HDL: High levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are generally considered protective against CAD. HDL cholesterol helps to remove low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from the bloodstream and reduce plaque buildup in the arteries. Thus, high HDL is not a risk factor but rather a protective factor.
B. Orthostatic hypotension: This condition, characterized by a significant drop in blood pressure when standing up from a sitting or lying position, is more related to issues of blood pressure regulation and may not be a direct risk factor for CAD. It is not typically classified as a modifiable risk factor for CAD.
D. None of the above: Since obesity is a modifiable risk factor for CAD, this option is not correct.
In summary, among the options provided, obesity is the modifiable risk factor associated with an increased risk of CAD, and addressing it can help in the prevention and management of the disease.