A nurse is assessing an adolescent female client who has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
A.
Metrorrhagia.
B.
Tachycardia.
C.
Hyperkalemia.
D.
Constipation.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is D. Constipation.
Explanation:
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by extreme weight loss, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image. In adolescents, particularly females, several physiological and psychological effects manifest as a result of malnutrition and self-imposed starvation.
Constipation is a common finding in individuals with anorexia nervosa due to inadequate dietary intake and insufficient fiber consumption. The lack of food leads to decreased bowel motility, which results in constipation. As the body tries to conserve energy in a state of starvation, it can slow down digestive processes, exacerbating the condition. Additionally, dehydration, often a consequence of inadequate food intake or excessive purging behaviors (e.g., vomiting or laxative abuse), can further contribute to the hardening of stool and difficulty in bowel movements.
Other options provided in the question present findings that are less characteristic of anorexia nervosa:
- A. Metrorrhagia refers to irregular bleeding from the uterus, which is not typically associated with anorexia nervosa. While amenorrhea (the absence of menstruation) is common due to hormonal imbalances from extreme weight loss, metrorrhagia is less expected.
- B. Tachycardia may occur in some cases, particularly if there are electrolyte imbalances or if the individual is in a state of extreme stress. However, bradycardia (slow heart rate) is more commonly noted in severe cases of anorexia nervosa due to malnutrition and metabolic slowdown.
- C. Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels) is typically associated with kidney dysfunction or excessive tissue breakdown, not a direct result of anorexia nervosa. In fact, hypokalemia (low potassium levels) may occur due to electrolyte imbalances from starvation or purging behaviors.
In summary, constipation is a direct consequence of the nutritional deficiencies and altered gastrointestinal function associated with anorexia nervosa, making it the most expected finding in this scenario.