Risk factors for primary hypertension include
A.
Diabetes mellitus
B.
Asian race
C.
Reduced intake of K+, Ca²+, Mg2+
D.
Moderate alcohol consumption
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is C. Reduced intake of K+, Ca²+, Mg²+.
Explanation:
Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, is a chronic condition where high blood pressure develops without an identifiable secondary cause. It is influenced by a variety of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Let’s explore how these factors contribute to the condition, and why option C is correct:
- Reduced intake of potassium (K+), calcium (Ca²+), and magnesium (Mg²+):
Potassium, calcium, and magnesium play crucial roles in maintaining normal blood pressure. Potassium helps balance the effects of sodium by relaxing blood vessel walls and promoting sodium excretion through the kidneys, which lowers blood pressure. A diet low in potassium may lead to an imbalance in sodium, contributing to hypertension. Similarly, calcium and magnesium are vital for proper muscle function, including the muscles in blood vessels. Deficiencies in these minerals can lead to increased vascular resistance, a key factor in developing high blood pressure. Hence, inadequate intake of these electrolytes is a significant risk factor for primary hypertension. - Option A: Diabetes mellitus:
While diabetes is a known risk factor for secondary hypertension, it is not directly associated with primary hypertension. Diabetes leads to conditions like kidney disease or vascular damage, which can elevate blood pressure, but the hypertension here is secondary to these conditions, not primary. - Option B: Asian race:
Race and ethnicity can influence the prevalence of hypertension, but Asian populations generally have lower hypertension rates compared to other groups, like African Americans, who are more predisposed to high blood pressure. - Option D: Moderate alcohol consumption:
Moderate alcohol intake is not a significant risk factor for primary hypertension. In fact, some studies suggest that moderate alcohol consumption might have a protective effect on cardiovascular health. However, excessive alcohol consumption is a well-known risk factor for high blood pressure.
Thus, C is the best answer due to the strong relationship between low intake of key electrolytes and the development of hypertension.