The nurse assesses a client with petechiae and ecchymosis scattered across the arms and legs. Which laboratory result should the nurse review?
A.
White blood cell count.
B.
Platelet count.
C.
Red blood cell count.
D.
Hemoglobin levels.
The correct answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is B. Platelet count.
Explanation:
Petechiae and ecchymosis are both types of skin hemorrhages. Petechiae are small, pinpoint red or purple spots that appear on the skin due to bleeding under the skin, while ecchymosis refers to larger areas of discoloration (bruising) resulting from blood leaking into the surrounding tissue. Both conditions suggest a potential issue with blood clotting or platelet function.
When assessing a patient with these symptoms, the platelet count is critical because platelets play a vital role in hemostasis (the process that prevents and stops bleeding). A low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) can lead to increased bleeding tendencies and the formation of petechiae and ecchymosis. Common causes of thrombocytopenia include bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, certain medications, and conditions like thrombocytopenic purpura.
While the other laboratory results listed (white blood cell count, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin levels) can provide valuable information about the patient’s overall health, they are not as directly related to the manifestations of petechiae and ecchymosis. For example, a low red blood cell count or hemoglobin level could indicate anemia, but they wouldn’t directly explain the skin findings. Similarly, the white blood cell count is primarily used to assess for infections or hematological malignancies.
In summary, when a nurse assesses a patient with petechiae and ecchymosis, reviewing the platelet count is essential. It helps determine whether there is a problem with the patient’s ability to form clots and manage bleeding, guiding further diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Identifying and addressing the underlying cause of thrombocytopenia is crucial for effective patient care.