Genes are portions of the DNA that provide information to makeproteins. Proteins are long strings of (b)_______________.The production of proteins is a multi-step process. The first step istranscription. The portion of the DNA (the gene) provides information tofirst make a different macromolecule called (c)____________.This macromolecule then moves then moves into the cytoplasm.where translation, or protein synthesis, takes place. There, it attractstransfer RNA, which reads by codons. A codon consists of three(d)_ . Each transfer RNA consists of a codon with an(e)________ attached. By this process a protein is produced
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Sure! Here’s a breakdown of the answers and an explanation.
Answers:
(b) amino acids
(c) messenger RNA (mRNA)
(d) nucleotides
(e) amino acid
Explanation
Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for producing proteins, which are essential for various functions in living organisms. Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids, which are the building blocks that give proteins their structure and function.
The process of protein synthesis is intricate and involves several key steps, starting with transcription. During transcription, the DNA unwinds, and the specific gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). This process occurs in the nucleus of the cell. The mRNA serves as a complementary copy of the gene, carrying the genetic information needed to create a protein.
Once transcription is complete, the mRNA exits the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where the next step, translation, occurs. In translation, the mRNA is read by ribosomes, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. The mRNA is read in sets of three nucleotides known as codons. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid or serves as a signal to start or stop the protein synthesis process.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) plays a crucial role during translation. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that matches a specific codon on the mRNA, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing protein chain. Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid, which it contributes to the forming polypeptide chain based on the sequence of codons in the mRNA.
Through this multi-step process of transcription and translation, proteins are synthesized, enabling countless biochemical reactions and processes necessary for life. This interplay between DNA, RNA, and proteins illustrates the central dogma of molecular biology, where genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.