At what temperatures wil nitric acid be in liquid form
The Correct answer and Explanation is:
Nitric acid (HNO₃) is a highly corrosive and strong acid that is commonly used in various industrial and laboratory applications. The physical state of nitric acid (whether it is in liquid or gas form) depends on its temperature and concentration. Pure nitric acid has a melting point of approximately -42°C (-43.6°F) and a boiling point of about 83°C (181.4°F) at standard atmospheric pressure.
Liquid Form Temperature Range
- Melting Point: Below -42°C, nitric acid solidifies, forming a crystalline solid. Therefore, at temperatures above -42°C, nitric acid exists in liquid form.
- Boiling Point: At temperatures above 83°C, nitric acid will start to vaporize and turn into gas. Thus, the liquid state is maintained up to this temperature.
Concentration and Its Effect
The concentration of nitric acid also influences its physical properties. For instance, concentrated nitric acid (usually around 68% by weight) exhibits slightly different boiling and melting points than dilute solutions. When diluted, the boiling point may decrease, which could affect its liquid state at various temperatures. However, under typical laboratory and industrial conditions, concentrated nitric acid is predominantly in liquid form at room temperature, which is around 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
Importance of Temperature Control
Maintaining the temperature within the liquid state range is crucial for safe handling and storage of nitric acid. If the temperature falls below its melting point, the acid can solidify, posing handling challenges and requiring additional safety measures for manipulation. Conversely, if the temperature exceeds the boiling point, vapors can form, increasing the risk of inhalation and potential hazards.
In conclusion, nitric acid is in liquid form between -42°C and 83°C under normal atmospheric conditions. Understanding these temperature thresholds is essential for safe storage and usage in various applications.