Select all that are functions of neurons and glial cells Receive nerve impulses Protect neurons Nourish neurons Calcium storage
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Correct answer:
- Receive nerve impulses
- Protect neurons
- Nourish neurons
Explanation
Neurons and glial cells are the two primary types of cells in the nervous system, each serving distinct but complementary functions.
1. Neurons:
Neurons are specialized cells responsible for transmitting information throughout the body. They do this by receiving and sending electrical signals (nerve impulses). Key functions of neurons include:
- Receiving Nerve Impulses: Neurons receive signals from other neurons through dendrites. These signals travel through the neuron, ultimately reaching the axon, where they are transmitted to other neurons, muscles, or glands. This is the primary role of neurons—communication through electrical and chemical signals.
2. Glial Cells:
Glial cells, also known as neuroglia, provide support and protection to neurons. They play several critical roles in maintaining the environment in which neurons function.
- Protecting Neurons: Glial cells, particularly oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), form myelin sheaths around axons. This myelin insulates the axons and increases the speed at which nerve impulses are conducted. Additionally, astrocytes (another type of glial cell) maintain the blood-brain barrier, regulating what substances can enter the brain and thus protecting neurons from harmful substances.
- Nourishing Neurons: Astrocytes help supply nutrients to neurons by transferring glucose and other essential substances from the blood to neurons. They also regulate the extracellular fluid’s ionic composition, ensuring neurons function in a stable environment.
Not a function of either cell type:
- Calcium Storage: While calcium is essential for various cellular processes, including neurotransmitter release, neither neurons nor glial cells specialize in calcium storage. This is mainly a function of other tissues like bones.
Thus, neurons primarily receive and transmit signals, while glial cells protect and nourish neurons, supporting the overall function of the nervous system.