How might you add “Keystone species” to the concept map? Multiple Choice
a. Keystone species influence the diversity of communities.
b. Keystone species always live with other species in symbiosis.
c. Keystone species are the most abundant members of communities
d. Keystone species increase competition among all populations in a community
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is a. Keystone species influence the diversity of communities.
Explanation:
Keystone species are organisms that play a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community. Their impact on the environment is disproportionately large compared to their abundance or biomass. The concept of keystone species was introduced by ecologist Robert Paine in the 1960s, who demonstrated that the presence or absence of a keystone species could significantly alter the dynamics of the ecosystem.
Influence on Diversity:
Keystone species contribute to community diversity through various ecological functions. For instance, they can control populations of other species, particularly predators or herbivores, thus preventing any one species from dominating the ecosystem. This balance allows for a variety of species to coexist, promoting biodiversity. An example of a keystone species is the sea otter, which preys on sea urchins. Without sea otters, sea urchin populations can explode, leading to overgrazing of kelp forests and a dramatic reduction in species diversity.
Not Always Symbiotic:
Option b is incorrect because keystone species do not have to be in a symbiotic relationship with other species; their influence can stem from their predatory or competitive behaviors rather than cooperative interactions.
Abundance Misconception:
Option c is also incorrect, as keystone species are not necessarily the most abundant in their communities. Their importance lies in their unique roles rather than their population size.
Competition Dynamics:
Option d is misleading because while keystone species can affect competition among species, their primary role is to stabilize community structures rather than increase competition.
In summary, keystone species are crucial for sustaining ecological balance, and their influence on the diversity of communities is vital for the health and stability of ecosystems.