How do peppered moths avoid predators?
a. they have extra camouflage to help them hide.
b. they have patterned wings that look similar to lichen.
c. they hunt during the day and rest at night.
d. all of the above.
e. both a and b only.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is e. both a and b only.
Peppered moths (scientifically known as Biston betularia) are well-known for their ability to avoid predators primarily through camouflage and mimicry. Their remarkable evolution in response to environmental changes has been a famous example of natural selection in action.
Explanation:
- Camouflage (Answer “a”):
Camouflage is one of the most effective ways that peppered moths avoid being eaten by predators, especially birds. The moths have two common color variations: a lighter, speckled form and a darker, melanistic form. In areas where light-colored tree bark (often covered with lichen) is prevalent, the lighter moths blend in easily, making it harder for birds to spot them. This is especially crucial during daylight hours when the moths rest on tree trunks. When the industrial revolution caused tree bark to become darker due to soot pollution, the darker moths had a survival advantage, as they were better camouflaged on the soot-covered trees. - Patterned Wings Mimicking Lichen (Answer “b”):
The peppered moth’s wings also feature patterns that resemble the texture and appearance of lichens that grow on trees. This allows them to remain undetected while resting on these surfaces, as their wing patterns match the visual texture of their environment. This mimicry helps them blend into their surroundings and reduces their chances of being preyed upon. - Incorrect Option (Answer “c”):
Peppered moths are nocturnal creatures, meaning they are most active at night and rest during the day. So, the idea that they hunt during the day and rest at night (as stated in option “c”) is incorrect.
By utilizing both camouflage and mimicry, peppered moths effectively reduce their visibility to predators, a strategy that has been key to their survival throughout evolutionary history.