A molecule of butane and a molecule of 2-butene both have the same total number of
1. carbon atoms 2. hydrogen atoms 3. single bonds 4. double bonds
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
To compare the molecules butane and 2-butene, we can analyze their structure and the number of specific atoms and bonds present in each molecule.
1. Carbon Atoms:
Both butane (C₄H₁₀) and 2-butene (C₄H₈) contain four carbon atoms. The structural difference lies in how these carbon atoms are arranged. In butane, all carbon atoms are connected by single bonds in a straight or branched chain, while in 2-butene, one of the carbon-carbon bonds is a double bond.
2. Hydrogen Atoms:
Butane has ten hydrogen atoms, while 2-butene has eight. This difference arises because the presence of a double bond in 2-butene reduces the number of hydrogen atoms by two due to the requirement of two fewer hydrogen atoms to satisfy the tetravalency of carbon. Therefore, the number of hydrogen atoms is not the same.
3. Single Bonds:
In butane, there are three single bonds between the carbon atoms, as they are all connected in a chain. In 2-butene, there are also three single bonds (two carbon-carbon single bonds and two carbon-hydrogen single bonds for the two terminal carbons), but there is one double bond between two carbon atoms. Thus, while both molecules share the same number of single bonds, the type of bonds is different due to the presence of the double bond in 2-butene.
4. Double Bonds:
Butane has zero double bonds, as all the bonds between carbon atoms are single. Conversely, 2-butene has one double bond between the second and third carbon atoms.
Conclusion:
In summary, butane and 2-butene share the same number of carbon atoms and single bonds, but differ in their number of hydrogen atoms and have distinct characteristics in bond types. Butane has four carbon atoms, ten hydrogen atoms, three single bonds, and zero double bonds, whereas 2-butene has four carbon atoms, eight hydrogen atoms, three single bonds, and one double bond.