Which statement is true about BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes?
A. These genes were discovered in 1953. B. Cancerous tumors often form on these genes. C. People can be tested for mutations on these genes. D. Mutations of these genes lead to diabetes.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is C. People can be tested for mutations on these genes.
Explanation:
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that play a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability and repairing DNA. Mutations in these genes are associated with a significantly increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers. The identification of these genes is relatively recent; BRCA1 was discovered in 1994, and BRCA2 followed in 1995. This timeline invalidates option A, as the discovery occurred long after 1953, the year when the structure of DNA was revealed.
Cancerous tumors do not form on these genes directly, which makes option B misleading. Instead, mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 disrupt their normal function, leading to increased susceptibility to cancer due to impaired DNA repair mechanisms. Therefore, while tumors can arise in individuals with these mutations, it is not accurate to say that tumors form on these genes.
Option D is incorrect because mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are primarily linked to breast and ovarian cancer rather than diabetes. Diabetes is a metabolic condition with a different set of genetic and environmental influences, and it is not associated with the BRCA genes.
The availability of genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations has become an essential tool in cancer prevention and management. Individuals with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer are often recommended for testing. A positive result indicates a higher risk for developing these cancers, allowing for proactive measures such as increased surveillance, preventive surgeries, or lifestyle changes to be undertaken. Genetic counseling is also an integral part of this process, providing individuals and families with the information necessary to make informed decisions based on their genetic risk.