Which energy transformation occurs in an operating electric motor?
- electrical → mechanical 2. mechanical → electrical 3. chemical → electrical 4. electrical → chemical
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is 1. electrical → mechanical.
Explanation of Energy Transformation in an Electric Motor
An electric motor operates by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy. This transformation is fundamental to how motors function in various applications, from household appliances to industrial machinery.
When an electric current flows through the motor’s windings, it creates a magnetic field. This magnetic field interacts with the permanent magnets or other magnetic fields present in the motor. According to the principles of electromagnetism, the interaction between these magnetic fields generates a force that causes the rotor (the rotating part of the motor) to turn. This rotation is the mechanical energy output of the motor.
The basic operation can be understood through Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, which states that a changing magnetic field within a closed loop induces an electrical current. In contrast, when an electric motor is powered, the magnetic field is generated by the flow of electricity, which leads to movement rather than inducing current.
Electric motors are efficient devices that can convert a significant portion of the electrical energy they consume into useful mechanical work. The efficiency can vary based on the design and load conditions, but many modern electric motors can achieve efficiencies above 90%.
Additionally, electric motors come in various types, including AC motors (which use alternating current) and DC motors (which use direct current), but the fundamental principle of transforming electrical energy into mechanical energy remains the same across all types.
In summary, the transformation of energy in an operating electric motor is primarily from electrical to mechanical energy, enabling a wide range of applications in modern technology and industry.