Identify the points that are emphasized by a constructionist approach to deviance
a) Universality of norms
b) Subjectivity of norms
c) Absoluteness of standards
d) Rigidity of expectations
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is b) Subjectivity of norms.
A constructionist approach to deviance emphasizes that deviance is not an inherent quality of specific acts but rather is defined by social processes. In other words, what is considered deviant is not universal or fixed but varies across different societies, cultures, and historical periods. This perspective is rooted in the belief that deviance is socially constructed, meaning that behaviors, actions, and conditions are labeled as deviant depending on the context and the interpretations of the individuals or groups involved.
Explanation:
- Subjectivity of norms:
The constructionist perspective emphasizes the subjectivity of norms, meaning that what is considered “deviant” is not universally agreed upon but is shaped by cultural, social, and historical contexts. This view argues that societal reactions and definitions of deviance are subjective and can change over time. For example, behaviors that were once seen as deviant (such as homosexuality) may become more accepted, or behaviors that were once normal (such as drinking alcohol in certain contexts) can later be labeled deviant due to changing norms. - Rejection of universality and absoluteness:
The constructionist approach opposes the idea of universality of norms (a) and absoluteness of standards (c). According to constructionists, norms are not universal; they are culturally specific and can vary between societies. The concept of deviance is thus fluid and dynamic rather than fixed or universally applicable. What one society views as normal, another might perceive as deviant. - Flexibility over rigidity:
Similarly, the constructionist view contrasts with the notion of rigidity of expectations (d). Deviance is not seen as a rigid, predetermined reaction to a specific act but as a product of social interactions, interpretations, and responses. Social norms are flexible and can evolve as societal values, attitudes, and understandings change.
In summary, the constructionist approach to deviance focuses on how societal reactions define deviance rather than any intrinsic quality of actions themselves. This view underscores the subjectivity of norms, highlighting that deviance is socially constructed, contingent on cultural interpretations, and changeable over time.