A) For each of the following questions, give an example and correctly name the compound you gave: a. An octane molecule that contains a primary halide. B) A molecule that contains 6 carbon atoms and 3 oxygen atoms.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
A. An Octane Molecule That Contains a Primary Halide
Example: 1-bromooctane
Structure: CH₃-(CH₂)₆-CH₂Br
Explanation:
An octane molecule is a straight or branched hydrocarbon with eight carbon atoms. A primary halide is a compound where a halogen atom (e.g., Br, Cl, F, or I) is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to only one other carbon atom. This specific carbon is referred to as a “primary carbon.”
In 1-bromooctane, the bromine atom is attached to the first carbon in the octane chain. This carbon is primary because it is bonded to only one neighboring carbon atom. Primary halides are generally used in organic synthesis reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution and elimination. They are reactive due to the polarized carbon-halogen bond, which makes the carbon susceptible to attack by nucleophiles.
To ensure the name is correct:
- Identify the longest carbon chain (octane, with 8 carbons).
- Assign the halogen the lowest possible number (bromine is at position 1).
- Name the compound as 1-bromooctane.
B. A Molecule That Contains 6 Carbon Atoms and 3 Oxygen Atoms
Example: Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
Structure: (C₆H₁₂O₆) is the molecular formula for glucose.
Explanation:
The example is glucose, a simple sugar (monosaccharide) found in many biological systems. However, to strictly match the request for “6 carbons and 3 oxygens,” we can use cyclohexanone (C₆H₁₀O) instead, which simplifies the structure.
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexanone consists of a six-carbon ring (cyclohexane) with one ketone group (-C=O) attached. It is a ketone compound due to the carbonyl group attached to the ring.
To ensure proper naming:
- Identify the parent compound (cyclohexane).
- Assign a ketone suffix (-one) since it contains a carbonyl group.
- Name the compound as cyclohexanone.
Cyclohexanone is widely used as an intermediate in chemical industries, particularly in the production of nylon.
This molecule demonstrates the rule of ketones and exemplifies the structure of oxygen-containing organic compounds. These compounds are essential in chemical synthesis, metabolic pathways, and pharmaceutical development.