Select all the possible results of nondisjunction in sex chromosomes

Select all the possible results of nondisjunction in sex chromosomes.
XXX zygote
☐YYY zygote
gamete contains an extra X
gamete is missing an autosome
gamete contains an extra Y
gamete is missing a sex chromosome

The Correct Answer and Explanation is :

The correct answers for the possible results of nondisjunction in sex chromosomes are:

1. XXX zygote
2. gamete contains an extra X
3. gamete contains an extra Y
4. gamete is missing a sex chromosome

Explanation of Nondisjunction in Sex Chromosomes:

Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during cell division, either in meiosis I or meiosis II. This can result in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes. In the context of sex chromosomes, nondisjunction can lead to variations in the number of X or Y chromosomes in the gametes.

1. XXX zygote: This occurs when a female gamete (with one X chromosome) fuses with a male gamete (with one X chromosome), but the female gamete has an extra X chromosome due to nondisjunction. This results in a zygote with three X chromosomes, commonly called Triple X Syndrome (or 47,XXX). This condition typically has mild symptoms, with many women having normal development.
2. Gamete contains an extra X: Nondisjunction in a female during meiosis I or meiosis II could lead to a gamete containing two X chromosomes instead of one. When this gamete fuses with a normal male gamete (with one X or one Y), the result may be an XXX or XXY zygote.
3. Gamete contains an extra Y: This can occur if nondisjunction happens in a male during meiosis. If a gamete ends up with two Y chromosomes (instead of one), and it fuses with a normal female gamete (with one X chromosome), the resulting zygote will have two Y chromosomes and one X, leading to a XYY zygote, a condition called Jacob’s Syndrome. Individuals with this syndrome may have a range of symptoms, but many are unaffected.
4. Gamete is missing a sex chromosome: Nondisjunction can also result in gametes missing a sex chromosome. If this occurs in a female during meiosis I, a gamete may lack one of the X chromosomes. If this gamete fuses with a normal male gamete (containing an X or a Y), the result could be a Turner Syndrome zygote (45,X), where the individual has only one X chromosome and no second sex chromosome.

These errors in chromosome number are generally associated with specific syndromes, each with its own set of characteristics, although many individuals can have normal or near-normal development despite such chromosomal abnormalities.