Which biomolecule stores genetic information for body cells? (1 F
A. carbohydrates.
B. lipids.
C. nucleic acids.
D. proteins.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is:
The correct answer is C. nucleic acids.
Explanation:
Nucleic acids are the biomolecules responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information in cells. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the primary molecule that carries the genetic blueprint for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. It is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. RNA plays a key role in the process of protein synthesis, which is essential for cell function.
DNA consists of two long strands forming a double helix structure, with each strand made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases. These nitrogenous bases—adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G)—form base pairs (A-T and C-G) that encode genetic instructions. The sequence of these bases determines the genetic code, which directs the synthesis of proteins essential for cellular function.
Nucleic acids function as blueprints for the synthesis of proteins in a process called transcription and translation. In transcription, the DNA sequence is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA), which then travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. During translation, ribosomes read the mRNA and synthesize proteins based on the genetic code.
In contrast to nucleic acids, the other biomolecules mentioned—carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins—have different roles in the body:
- Carbohydrates are primarily a source of energy, providing fuel for cellular activities.
- Lipids are involved in energy storage, insulation, and the formation of cell membranes.
- Proteins are essential for structure, function, and regulation of the body’s cells, tissues, and organs, but they do not store genetic information.
Therefore, nucleic acids are the biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information in body cells.