Self-efficacy is __.
A. a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar
B. our feelings of competence and the belief that we will be able to achieve desired outcomes
C. the belief that ones environment can determine behavior
D. the belief that we have power over our lives
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is:
B. our feelings of competence and the belief that we will be able to achieve desired outcomes.
Explanation:
Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their ability to successfully complete tasks, handle challenges, and achieve goals. This concept was introduced by psychologist Albert Bandura in 1977 as part of his Social Cognitive Theory. Bandura argued that individuals’ beliefs about their capabilities influence their motivation, behavior, and emotional responses, which in turn affect the outcomes of their actions.
Self-efficacy is central to how people approach challenges. If someone has high self-efficacy, they are more likely to take on difficult tasks and persist even in the face of setbacks. Conversely, those with low self-efficacy may avoid challenges or give up easily when they encounter obstacles. The feeling of competence stems from a combination of past successes, encouragement from others, and the ability to learn and adapt in new situations.
Key factors influencing self-efficacy include:
- Mastery Experiences: Successfully completing tasks builds self-confidence. These experiences prove that an individual has the skills necessary to achieve a particular goal.
- Vicarious Experiences: Observing others succeed, especially those who are similar to oneself, can increase self-efficacy. When we see someone else overcome difficulties, we are more likely to believe that we can too.
- Social Persuasion: Positive feedback from others, whether through encouragement or affirmation, can boost an individual’s belief in their abilities.
- Emotional and Physiological States: Our emotional responses to challenges can affect how we perceive our ability to succeed. If we are calm and focused, we are more likely to believe in our capability to succeed.
Self-efficacy affects many aspects of life, including academic performance, career success, health behavior, and personal relationships. Individuals with strong self-efficacy are more resilient and better able to cope with stress and adversity, as they believe that their actions can shape the outcomes they desire.