List All Types Of Bonding Present In The Compound NH4NO3 I Ionic Bond II. Polar Covalent Bond III. Nonpolar Covalent Bond
The correct answer and explanation is:
The compound NH₄NO₃ (ammonium nitrate) contains both ionic and covalent bonds. Here’s a breakdown of the bonding types:
I. Ionic Bond:
- Ionic bonds are present between the ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) and the nitrate ion (NO₃⁻).
- The ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) is formed when the nitrogen atom in ammonia (NH₃) accepts a proton (H⁺), creating a positively charged polyatomic ion. The nitrate ion (NO₃⁻) consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to three oxygen atoms, with an overall negative charge.
- The bond between the ammonium ion and nitrate ion is ionic because there is a transfer of charge. The ammonium ion has a positive charge, and the nitrate ion has a negative charge. These opposite charges attract each other, forming an ionic bond between them.
II. Polar Covalent Bond:
- Polar covalent bonds are present within both the ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) and the nitrate ion (NO₃⁻).
- In the ammonium ion, the nitrogen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms. As a result, each N-H bond is polar, with a partial negative charge on nitrogen and a partial positive charge on hydrogen.
- In the nitrate ion, the nitrogen atom is bonded to three oxygen atoms. Oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen, causing the N-O bonds to be polar. The oxygen atoms have partial negative charges, and nitrogen has a partial positive charge.
III. Nonpolar Covalent Bond:
- Nonpolar covalent bonds are not present in NH₄NO₃. This is because all the bonds within the ammonium and nitrate ions are either polar covalent or ionic, with significant differences in electronegativity between the atoms involved.
Conclusion:
NH₄NO₃ contains Ionic Bonds between the ammonium ion and the nitrate ion, and Polar Covalent Bonds within the ammonium and nitrate ions. There are no Nonpolar Covalent Bonds in this compound.