What is the basic idea behind disengagement theory?
- As people age, they think less and less about being married to their spouse, and more about their individuality.
- As people age, they disengage with their friends in order to spend more time with their families.
- As people age, they generally withdraw from all forms of society
- As people age, they begin to lose their friends and family and spend their last days mourning their losses.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is:
3. As people age, they generally withdraw from all forms of society.
Explanation:
Disengagement theory, introduced by sociologists Elaine Cumming and William E. Henry in 1961, proposes that as people age, they gradually withdraw from social roles and relationships, both voluntarily and involuntarily. This theory suggests that disengagement is a natural and inevitable part of the aging process, allowing both the individual and society to adjust to the aging process. According to the theory, as older adults disengage from social roles, they free up resources and opportunities for younger generations. In return, society may shift its expectations, and elderly people may focus more on their inner world, such as self-reflection, preparation for death, and dealing with physical decline.
The process of disengagement can be seen in various forms, such as a reduction in participation in work, social activities, or even family events. This withdrawal is believed to help elderly individuals detach from the emotional stresses of life and face the eventual decline in health. For example, they may retire from their jobs, reduce contact with friends, or spend more time in solitary activities, such as reading, hobbies, or personal reflection.
Critics of disengagement theory argue that it oversimplifies the aging process. They believe that not all elderly people want or need to withdraw from society. In fact, many older adults remain active and engaged in their communities, participating in work, volunteerism, and social connections. Alternative theories, such as activity theory, suggest that older adults experience better well-being when they remain active and maintain social roles.
Despite the critiques, disengagement theory contributed to the study of aging by highlighting the potential for change in social roles and expectations as people grow older, which has shaped further research on aging and societal support systems.