The term gene expression refers to the fact that each individual of a species has a unique set of genes.
flow of information from parent to offspring.
fact that individuals of the same species have different phenotypes.
process by which genetic information flows ?from genes to proteins.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is:
process by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins.
Explanation:
Gene expression is the process by which information encoded in a gene is used to produce a functional product, typically a protein. It is a fundamental biological process that allows cells to interpret and utilize the genetic code found in DNA.
This process involves two major stages: transcription and translation.
- Transcription: During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cell’s nucleus. This mRNA serves as a temporary copy of the gene’s code, which can be transported out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis occurs.
- Translation: In the cytoplasm, ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and use it to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain. This sequence of amino acids then folds into a specific three-dimensional structure to form a functional protein. The sequence of amino acids is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA, which directly reflects the sequence of the gene in DNA.
Gene expression is tightly regulated by various factors, including the availability of transcription factors, the structure of the chromatin (the material that makes up chromosomes), and environmental signals. These regulatory mechanisms ensure that genes are expressed at the right time, in the right cells, and in the appropriate amounts.
Different cells in an organism may express different sets of genes, leading to cell specialization and differentiation. This is why even though all cells in an organism share the same DNA, they can have different functions and characteristics, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, and skin cells.
In summary, gene expression is the critical process that enables the genetic instructions in DNA to be translated into the proteins that carry out the functions necessary for life.