According to Maslow, a higher order need:
A. ?Always provides greater motivation than a lower order need
B. ?Never provides as much motivation as a lower order need
C. ?Becomes a source of motivation after lower order needs are satisfied
D. ?Contributes directly to the physical survival of the individual
Herzberg found that the factors that provided the highest level of motivation were montly associated with:
A. ?job content
B. ?level of pay
C. ?General working conditions
D. ?The style of management
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Maslow’s Higher Order Need:
Correct answer: C. Becomes a source of motivation after lower order needs are satisfied
According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, human needs are arranged in a pyramid, starting with basic physiological needs at the bottom, progressing through safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and finally reaching self-actualization at the top. Each need must be satisfied before the next higher need becomes a source of motivation.
- Physiological needs: Basic needs like food, water, and shelter.
- Safety needs: Security, safety, and stability.
- Social needs: Belongingness, love, and connection.
- Esteem needs: Self-esteem, recognition, and respect.
- Self-actualization: The desire for personal growth and fulfillment.
Higher order needs (like esteem and self-actualization) are only activated once the lower, more basic needs (such as physiological and safety needs) are met. For example, an individual who is struggling to meet their basic physiological needs (such as finding food or shelter) will not be motivated by esteem or self-actualization needs until these basic needs are satisfied. This explains why higher-order needs are motivational only once lower-order needs are fulfilled.
Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory:
Correct answer: A. Job content
Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory distinguishes between factors that lead to job satisfaction (motivators) and those that prevent dissatisfaction (hygiene factors). Motivators are factors related to the job content itself, while hygiene factors are related to the job environment.
- Motivators (Job content): These include achievement, recognition, the nature of the work, responsibility, and opportunities for personal growth. Herzberg found that these factors contribute most to motivation and job satisfaction. For example, when employees find their work challenging and rewarding, they are more likely to be motivated and satisfied.
- Hygiene factors (Job context): These are factors like salary, working conditions, and job security. While the absence of these factors can cause dissatisfaction, their presence doesn’t necessarily increase motivation or job satisfaction. For example, a comfortable working environment is necessary to avoid dissatisfaction but won’t actively motivate employees to perform better.
Herzberg concluded that the best way to motivate employees is by improving the intrinsic aspects of their jobs, such as providing opportunities for achievement, recognition, and responsibility, which are tied to the content of the work itself.