Describe how the properties of the different types of elements (metals, nonmetals, metalloids) differ. (Make sure to use your own words.) 2. Explain what characteristics of metalloids are more like metals and which are more like nonmetals based on the research you conducted and the information recorded in Data Table 1.) 3. Define the term “transition.” How does this definition apply to the transition metals? (Make sure to use your own words.) Photo 1: Completed Periodic Table (Makes sure to sign and date your image. Insert below.) Data Table 1: Physical and Chemical Properties of Elements Reactivity Group Ductile/ Malleable Electron Behavior Presence in the Environment Conductivity Melting & Boiling Points Alkali Metal- Na Alkaline Earth Metal – Mg Transition Metal- Fe Metalloids – Ge Halogen- CI Noble gas Ar Data Table 2: Element Groups and Descriptions Element Description Group Name Group Number Metal/ Nonmetal/ Metalloid Neon Bromine Beryllium Platinum Potassium Silicon Sulfur
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
- Properties of Different Types of Elements (Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids):
- Metals are typically good conductors of heat and electricity, are shiny, and are malleable and ductile (meaning they can be shaped or stretched without breaking). They tend to lose electrons in chemical reactions, forming positive ions. Metals usually have high melting and boiling points and are often found in solid form at room temperature (except mercury). They are reactive, particularly in groups like the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
- Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity, often brittle when solid, and have lower melting and boiling points compared to metals. They gain electrons in chemical reactions, forming negative ions. Nonmetals are diverse in their state at room temperature (some are gases like oxygen, while others are solids like sulfur). They tend to be less reactive than metals, though halogens like chlorine are quite reactive.
- Metalloids have properties that are intermediate between metals and nonmetals. They can conduct electricity, but not as well as metals, making them semiconductors. Metalloids like silicon are often used in electronics for this reason. They are typically brittle like nonmetals but can be shiny like metals. They can either lose or gain electrons depending on the circumstances, making them versatile in chemical reactions.
- Metalloids: Characteristics Similar to Metals vs. Nonmetals:
- Metalloids that are more like metals include their ability to conduct electricity, though not as well as metals. This makes them useful in electronics, as semiconductors.
- Metalloids that are more like nonmetals include their brittleness and tendency to gain electrons in some chemical reactions. Metalloids are also similar to nonmetals in that they have lower melting and boiling points compared to metals.
- Definition of “Transition” and its Application to Transition Metals:
- The term “transition” refers to a change or shift in properties. In the context of the transition metals, this term describes elements that transition between different types of behavior (from highly reactive metals to less reactive ones). These metals typically have partially filled d-orbitals, which give them unique properties such as variable oxidation states, ability to form colorful compounds, and high melting and boiling points. The transition metals, like iron (Fe) and platinum (Pt), are known for their versatility in reactions and their role as catalysts.
Data Table 1 Explanation:
- Reactivity: Alkali metals (like sodium, Na) are highly reactive, especially with water. Transition metals (like iron, Fe) are less reactive.
- Ductile/Malleable: Metals are typically ductile and malleable, and metalloids can be brittle.
- Electron Behavior: Metals tend to lose electrons, while nonmetals tend to gain electrons. Metalloids can either lose or gain electrons.
- Presence in the Environment: Metals are abundant in the earth’s crust, while nonmetals like noble gases are rarer.
- Conductivity: Metals are good conductors, while metalloids are semi-conductive, and nonmetals are poor conductors.
- Melting & Boiling Points: Metals typically have high melting and boiling points, while nonmetals (especially gases) have lower points.
In Data Table 2, Neon is a noble gas, Bromine is a halogen, Beryllium is an alkaline earth metal, Platinum is a transition metal, Potassium is an alkali metal, Silicon is a metalloid, and Sulfur is a nonmetal.