Which statement best describes federalism in the United States?
Federalism delegates the power to make laws to states only.
Federalism means that state and national governments have shared and divided powers.
Federalism means that state governments do not have any delegated powers.
Federalism delegates most authority exclusively to state governments.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is:
Federalism means that state and national governments have shared and divided powers.
Explanation:
Federalism in the United States refers to the division of power between two levels of government: the national (or federal) government and state governments. This structure allows both levels of government to exercise authority over certain matters, but each has specific areas of jurisdiction and responsibility.
The U.S. Constitution established this system of federalism to ensure a balance of power. While the federal government handles issues of national concern, such as defense, interstate commerce, and foreign relations, the states retain powers that are not explicitly given to the federal government or prohibited by the Constitution. These powers are often referred to as “reserved powers” and are outlined in the Tenth Amendment.
The division of powers can be categorized as follows:
- Enumerated Powers (National Government): These are powers explicitly granted to the federal government by the Constitution, such as the power to coin money, regulate interstate commerce, declare war, and establish federal courts.
- Reserved Powers (State Governments): These are powers not granted to the federal government and not prohibited to the states by the Constitution. Examples include regulating education, conducting elections, and managing state law enforcement.
- Concurrent Powers (Shared Powers): These are powers that both the federal and state governments share, such as the ability to levy taxes, regulate roads, and enforce laws.
The concept of federalism allows for a balance where both state and federal governments have authority, and it has been vital in addressing the unique needs of a diverse country with different regional concerns. Federalism also allows for flexibility and local control, which can be especially important for states with varying economic, social, and cultural needs. The tension between state and national powers has been a hallmark of American political history, with debates often revolving around the interpretation of the Constitution and the balance of power between the two levels of government.