London, England, is at the same latitude as Calgary in Canada’s province of Alberta. However, the mean January temperature in London is 5.5°C (42°F), whereas in Calgary it is minus 10°C (14°F). Compare the locations of these two cities, and suggest a reason for this temperature difference.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The notable temperature difference between London, England, and Calgary, Alberta, despite being located at the same latitude, can be attributed to several factors, primarily influenced by the geographical and climatic characteristics of each location.
Latitude and Temperature
Both cities are situated at approximately 51.5°N latitude. Typically, one might expect the temperature to be similar at the same latitude because the sun’s angle and daylight length are similar. However, the mean January temperature in London is significantly higher than Calgary’s. London’s mean temperature in January is around 5.5°C (42°F), whereas Calgary experiences a mean of minus 10°C (14°F).
Influence of Ocean Currents and Winds
The primary reason for this temperature discrepancy is the effect of the North Atlantic Drift, a warm ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows towards the coast of Europe, including the United Kingdom. This current significantly moderates the climate of coastal regions like London, keeping temperatures warmer in the winter. The ocean acts as a heat reservoir, absorbing warmth in the summer and slowly releasing it in the winter, which helps to stabilize temperatures.
Calgary, on the other hand, is located inland in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. This means it is more susceptible to continental climate influences, which typically result in colder winters. Without the moderating effect of the ocean, Calgary experiences greater temperature extremes. Moreover, Calgary is affected by chinook winds, which can cause rapid warming on occasion but also allow cold Arctic air to settle in during the winter months, contributing to its colder temperatures.
Elevation and Geography
Calgary is situated at a higher elevation (around 1,045 meters or 3,428 feet above sea level) compared to London, which lies at sea level. Higher altitudes generally result in colder temperatures because the atmosphere thins and retains less heat. This geographical factor exacerbates Calgary’s colder winter temperatures.
Conclusion
In summary, London’s relatively mild January temperature can be attributed to the warming effect of the North Atlantic Drift and its proximity to the ocean. Calgary, located inland and at a higher altitude, experiences a more extreme continental climate with colder winters due to the lack of moderating influences from the ocean.