A. Big data is processed using relational databases.
False
True
B. Which value is not an argument to the “hello” function?
def hello(name):
print (“Hey,”, name)
hello(John”)
hello( “Mya”)
The correct answer and explanation is:
Answer:
A. False
Big data is not typically processed using relational databases because they are not optimized for handling the large-scale, complex, and unstructured data that characterizes big data. Instead, big data is processed using technologies like Hadoop, Spark, NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra), and distributed computing systems.
B. Which value is not an argument to the hello function? Answer: hello("John") is incorrect.
The issue lies with the syntax of the call to hello("John"). There is a missing opening double quote before “John”, resulting in a syntax error.
Corrected code:
def hello(name):
print("Hey,", name)
hello("John")
hello("Mya")
Explanation:
A. Relational Databases and Big Data
Relational databases (RDBMS) like MySQL and PostgreSQL are designed to handle structured data that fits into predefined schemas, such as tables with rows and columns. They rely on SQL for querying and are efficient for transactional data or smaller datasets. However, they struggle with the volume, velocity, and variety of big data, which may include unstructured data like text, images, and videos. Big data technologies like Hadoop and Spark use distributed processing across multiple nodes, which is more scalable and efficient for analyzing petabytes of data. Additionally, NoSQL databases such as MongoDB, Elasticsearch, and Cassandra support flexible schemas and horizontal scaling, making them ideal for big data workloads.
B. Understanding Function Arguments
In Python, functions accept arguments that are passed when the function is called. In the given code snippet, the hello function takes one parameter, name, which is expected to be a string. When you call the function with hello("John") or hello("Mya"), you are passing string arguments to the name parameter.
However, the call hello(John") is invalid because the opening double-quote for the string is missing, resulting in a syntax error. This error prevents the program from running properly. To fix this, ensure that strings are properly enclosed in quotes. The corrected calls hello("John") and hello("Mya") will pass valid arguments, and the function will output:
Hey, John
Hey, Mya
Proper understanding of syntax and debugging such errors are essential for writing functional and reliable code.