A job analysis results in two written statements. They are:
A. the job description and the job specification.
B. the human resource inventories and the affirmative action statement.
C. the labor supply assessment and the labor demand assessment.
D. the job title review and the performance appraisal.
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer: A. the job description and the job specification.
Explanation:
A job analysis is a systematic process of studying a job to determine its tasks, responsibilities, and requirements. It serves as the foundation for various human resource management practices, such as recruitment, selection, performance appraisal, and compensation. Job analysis typically results in two key written statements: job description and job specification.
1. Job Description:
The job description outlines the specific tasks, duties, and responsibilities associated with a particular job. It provides a detailed account of what the employee is expected to do and how they should do it. Key elements of a job description include:
- Job title: The position’s official name.
- Responsibilities and duties: A detailed list of the job’s core tasks.
- Work environment: Information about the physical or social working conditions.
- Reporting relationships: Who the employee reports to and supervises (if applicable).
A well-written job description helps both employers and employees clarify expectations and provides a foundation for performance evaluation.
2. Job Specification:
The job specification outlines the qualifications, skills, and attributes required to perform the job effectively. It focuses on the person filling the role rather than the tasks. Key components include:
- Education and experience: Required academic qualifications and work history.
- Skills and abilities: Specific competencies needed, such as technical skills or interpersonal abilities.
- Personal characteristics: Traits such as reliability, adaptability, or teamwork.
- Physical requirements: If applicable, physical abilities like lifting capacity or endurance.
Job specifications guide recruitment and selection by identifying the criteria for the best-fit candidate.
Together, the job description and job specification form the cornerstone of effective human resource management. They help organizations align their workforce with organizational goals and ensure compliance with labor laws and regulations.