31.Removing the grain protein gluten from the diet has been shown to:
a.resolve digestive problems in people with celiac disease.
b.help with weight loss in people trying to lose weight.
c.reduce problems with insomnia.
d.reduce cancer risk.
32.Which of the following food categories contributes an abundance of high-quality protein?
a.vegetable
b.milk
c.meat
d.a and b
e.b and c
33.An overemphasis on protein-rich foods can lead to:
a.a low intake of iron.
b.a low intake of folate.
c.a low intake of vitamin C.
d.a and b
e.b and c
34.The more animal protein you eat, the higher your intake of _.
a.vitamin B12
b.vitamin A
c.folate
d.vitamin C
35.Which of the following food groups does not provide significant protein?
a.fruits
b.grains
c.vegetables
d.milk, yogurt, and cheese
36.The heavy use of soy products in place of meat can inhibit _ absorption.
a.calcium
b.folate
c.iron
d.vitamin C
Application-Level Multiple-Choice Items
37.Humans need to eat protein-containing foods regularly because:
a.we need essential amino acids that can only be provided by foods.
b.our bodies cannot make any amino acids needed for proteins.
c.the function of protein is to maintain our muscle strength.
d.protein is broken down quickly during digestion and lost from the body.
38.The recycling system for amino acids in the body is primarily used to:
a.provide fuel for the cells to spare glucose.
b.convert nonessential amino acids into essential amino acids.
c.provide the cells with materials to build body proteins.
d.add protein to muscles when there is a shortage of energy from foods.
39.The genetic coding or expression that determines our DNA messaging for cells is:
a.identical in all people to ensure that cells are developed properly.
b.available in all cells but is idle in some cells and active in others.
c.not influenced by any changes in nutrient intake.
d.easily changed if a disease develops in the body.
40.Why should eggs be cooked, rather than eaten raw?
a.Raw egg proteins bind the mineral iron.
b.Raw egg proteins speed up protein digestion.
c.Raw egg proteins bind the B vitamin biotin.
d.b and c
e.a and c
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Correct Answers:
- a. resolve digestive problems in people with celiac disease.
- e. b and c (milk and meat)
- e. b and c (a low intake of folate and vitamin C)
- a. vitamin B12
- a. fruits
- c. iron
- a. we need essential amino acids that can only be provided by foods.
- c. provide the cells with materials to build body proteins.
- b. available in all cells but is idle in some cells and active in others.
- e. a and c (Raw egg proteins bind the mineral iron and the B vitamin biotin).
Explanation:
31. Celiac Disease and Gluten
Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition where gluten triggers an immune response that damages the small intestine. Removing gluten resolves digestive problems like bloating, diarrhea, and malabsorption. There’s no evidence that gluten removal helps with weight loss, insomnia, or cancer prevention.
32. High-Quality Protein Sources
Milk and meat are rich sources of high-quality proteins, containing all essential amino acids. Vegetables provide protein but not in the abundance or balance of essential amino acids compared to animal-based sources.
33. Overemphasis on Protein-Rich Foods
Focusing excessively on protein can lead to a deficiency in nutrients like folate and vitamin C, which are predominantly found in fruits and vegetables. This could result from neglecting a balanced diet.
34. Animal Protein and Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is abundant in animal-derived foods. It’s not found in plant-based foods, making animal proteins a critical source for this nutrient.
35. Fruits and Protein
Fruits provide minimal protein compared to other food groups like grains, vegetables, or dairy.
36. Soy Products and Iron Absorption
Phytates in soy can inhibit the absorption of non-heme iron, potentially leading to deficiencies if soy replaces meat without proper dietary balance.
37. Essential Amino Acids
Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from protein-containing foods, emphasizing the importance of dietary protein.
38. Amino Acid Recycling
The body reuses amino acids primarily to synthesize new proteins rather than for energy, ensuring adequate protein synthesis for cellular repair and maintenance.
39. Genetic Expression
DNA is the same in all cells, but its expression varies depending on the cell type and function. Nutrients can influence gene expression, but the DNA sequence remains unchanged.
40. Cooking Eggs
Cooking eggs neutralizes avidin, a protein in raw eggs that binds biotin and prevents its absorption. It also denatures other proteins, improving digestibility.