A vegetarian must be especially careful about intakes of: a. vitamin C and vitamin A; they may be too high b. iron and zinc; they may be too low, c. vitamin B12; it may be too low, d. b and c, e. a and c
Vegetarians should eat iron-rich foods with foods rich in to increase iron absorption. a. vitamin C, b. calcium, c. phytic acid, d. fiber
Proteins differ from the other energy nutrients because they contain: a. glycerol, b. carbon, c. fatty acids, d. nitrogen
Resistance to disease is dependent largely on the body’s: a. carbohydrates, b. lipids, c. proteins, d. vitamins, e. No minerals
All amino acids have to be supplied by food This is true for which reason? a. all necessary amino acids are not found in food, b. hormones furnish the missing amino acids c. the body is able to manufacture some amino acids from others, d. the body is able to manufacture some amino acids from fatty acids, e. the body is able to manufacture some amino acids from glucose
How many essential amino acids are required by the adult? a. 9, b. 16, c. 10, d.22
A person is in positive nitrogen balance during: a. growth, b. old age, c. exercise, d. adulthood
A 25-year-old man weighs 154 pounds and consumes 2,700 kcalories with 45 grams of protein a day. If two- thirds of the protein comes from animal sources it may be concluded that he: a. ingested his recommended allowance of protein, b. needs 8 grams more protein to meet the recommended allowance, c. needs 11 grams more protein to meet the recommended allowance, d. has exceeded his recommended allowance of protein
In setting the RDA for protein, the committee assumes that: a. protein will be of low quality, b. protein will be consumed together with adequate energy, c. other nutrients in the diet will be inadequate, d. the RDA will be applied to individuals with unusual metabolic needs
All of the following provides about seven grams of protein except: a. 1/2 cup of legumes, b. 1 ounce chicken, c. 1 egg , d. 1 slice of bread.What happens when the diet is lacking an essential amino acid? a. proteins will be made but they will be limited in that particular amino acid b. the body will synthesize it, c. a person’s health will not be affected as long as carbohydrate and fat intake is adequate, d. protein synthesis will be limited
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Answers:
- A vegetarian must be especially careful about intakes of:
d. b and c (iron, zinc, and vitamin B12; they may be too low) - Vegetarians should eat iron-rich foods with foods rich in:
a. vitamin C (to increase iron absorption) - Proteins differ from the other energy nutrients because they contain:
d. nitrogen - Resistance to disease is dependent largely on the body’s:
c. proteins - All amino acids have to be supplied by food. This is true for which reason?
c. the body is able to manufacture some amino acids from others - How many essential amino acids are required by the adult?
a. 9 - A person is in positive nitrogen balance during:
a. growth - A 25-year-old man weighs 154 pounds and consumes 2,700 kcalories with 45 grams of protein a day. If two-thirds of the protein comes from animal sources, it may be concluded that he:
b. needs 8 grams more protein to meet the recommended allowance - In setting the RDA for protein, the committee assumes that:
b. protein will be consumed together with adequate energy - All of the following provide about seven grams of protein except:
d. 1 slice of bread - What happens when the diet is lacking an essential amino acid?
d. protein synthesis will be limited
Explanation:
- Iron, zinc, and vitamin B12 are often low in vegetarian diets because these nutrients are more bioavailable in animal products. Iron from plant sources (non-heme iron) is less easily absorbed, while vitamin B12 is almost exclusively found in animal-based foods. Zinc is also less bioavailable from plant sources due to phytates.
- Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron from plant-based foods by reducing it to a more absorbable form.
- Nitrogen is a defining feature of proteins, setting them apart from carbohydrates and fats.
- Proteins play a critical role in immune function by forming antibodies and immune cells.
- The body can synthesize non-essential amino acids from other amino acids or metabolic intermediates. Essential amino acids, however, must come from the diet.
- Adults require 9 essential amino acids, as they cannot be synthesized by the body.
- Positive nitrogen balance, a state where nitrogen intake exceeds loss, is common during growth, recovery from illness, and pregnancy.
- For a 25-year-old man (70 kg), the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein is 0.8 g/kg/day. This equals 56 grams/day, so consuming 45 grams falls short by about 8 grams.
- The RDA assumes adequate energy intake because energy deficiency increases the need for protein.
- 1 slice of bread provides less than seven grams of protein, unlike legumes, eggs, and chicken.
- A lack of an essential amino acid halts protein synthesis, leading to a deficiency in the proteins needed for growth, repair, and other functions. This underscores the importance of consuming complete protein sources or complementary proteins in vegetarian diets.