Cite 2 important events that happen during interphase in preparation for the mitotic phase Use the editor to format your answer
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Important Events During Interphase in Preparation for the Mitotic Phase
- DNA Replication:
During the S (synthesis) phase of interphase, the cell replicates its entire genome to ensure that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. This process involves unwinding the DNA helix and synthesizing a complementary strand for each original strand. The result is two identical sister chromatids for each chromosome, connected by a centromere. - Cell Growth and Organelle Duplication:
Throughout interphase, particularly in the G1 and G2 phases, the cell grows in size, produces proteins, and duplicates organelles like mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. These processes provide the energy and structural components needed for the cell to successfully divide during mitosis.
Explanation
Interphase, the longest phase of the cell cycle, is critical for preparing the cell for division. It consists of three distinct stages: G1 (gap 1), S (synthesis), and G2 (gap 2). Each stage contributes uniquely to mitotic readiness.
- DNA Replication is vital to ensure genomic integrity. The S phase doubles the DNA content in the nucleus, producing exact copies of the chromosomes. This process is highly regulated, involving various enzymes like DNA polymerase and helicase to ensure accuracy. Errors in replication can lead to mutations, potentially causing diseases like cancer.
- Cell Growth and Organelle Duplication are necessary for ensuring that the daughter cells are equipped with all essential cellular components. The G1 phase focuses on increasing cell size and synthesizing proteins required for DNA replication. The G2 phase further prepares the cell by producing proteins essential for mitosis and ensuring the spindle apparatus is ready for chromosome segregation.
Together, these events ensure that the cell is adequately prepared to divide, resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells. Any failure or error during interphase can compromise cell division and affect organismal growth, repair, or reproduction.