Which of the following is indicated to minimize interruptions in chest compressions? Move the patient quickly to a more comfortable position. a Check the pulse every 20 seconds for no more than 15 seconds. Avoid prolonged rhythm analysis, . Check all connections between the AED and patient prior to beginning CPR. . 31. In suspected acute stroke victims, time zero refers to the last known time when the patient was neurologically normal. True-time zero is the time when the patient was last known to be neurologically normal. False – time zero is the last time the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) was performed. 32. When presented with a patient with tachycardia, what is the first step and considered key to management of a patient with any tachycardia? evaluate rhythm (sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, etc.) check for presence or absence of pulses IV, 02, and monitor evaluate blood pressure 33. Which of the following drugs is used in PEA? Magnesium sulfate Lidocaine Epinephrine All of the above 34. Select the dosage for dopamine infusion in bradycardia: 0 2-10 mg/min 2-5 mg/kg/min 2-10 mcg/min 2-20 mcg/kg/min 35. You encounter a collapsed patient who appears conscious and begin the systematic approach, which survey should you use for the initial assessment? BLS Survey ACLS Primary Survey ACLS Secondary Survey None of the above 36. Which of the following is true in adult bradycardia with a pulse? Transcutaneous pacing should be the first action Dopamine infusion should precede atropine treatment if the patient is hypotensive Atropine should be given in a dose of 0.5 mg bolus to a maximum of 3 mg a Atropine should be give 2 mg IVIO over 10 minutes 37. Which of the following is a typical characteristic of sinus tachycardia? I Heart rate at 120 bpm OP-wave present before each ORS Narrow QRS All of the above 38. A recently collapsed patient is unconscious and is breathing abnormally. You have already sent someone to retrieve an AED and call 911. You are unsure whether you feel a pulse or not. You should immediately: Double check the pulse Go help find the AED Begin chest compressions Administer breaths making sure the chest rises with each breath
The correct answer and explanation is:
Here are the correct answers with explanations for each question:
30. Which of the following is indicated to minimize interruptions in chest compressions?
- Answer: Avoid prolonged rhythm analysis.
Explanation: Minimizing interruptions in chest compressions is critical for maintaining perfusion during cardiac arrest. Prolonged rhythm analysis delays the resumption of chest compressions, which can adversely affect outcomes. Ensuring that rhythm checks are completed within 10 seconds and resuming compressions promptly is emphasized in advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) guidelines.
31. In suspected acute stroke victims, time zero refers to the last known time when the patient was neurologically normal.
- Answer: True – Time zero is the time when the patient was last known to be neurologically normal.
Explanation: Time zero is a key concept in stroke management, as it determines the eligibility for treatments such as thrombolytics or endovascular therapy. The time of symptom onset or the last known normal time helps guide clinical decisions and is critical in determining the treatment window.
32. When presented with a patient with tachycardia, what is the first step and considered key to management of a patient with any tachycardia?
- Answer: Evaluate rhythm (sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, etc.).
Explanation: Proper evaluation of the rhythm is the cornerstone of tachycardia management. Identifying the specific rhythm guides the treatment approach, whether it involves medications, electrical cardioversion, or other interventions. Initial evaluation often includes ECG monitoring and assessment of hemodynamic stability.
33. Which of the following drugs is used in PEA?
- Answer: Epinephrine.
Explanation: Epinephrine is the primary drug used in pulseless electrical activity (PEA) and asystole. It is given every 3–5 minutes during CPR to enhance coronary and cerebral perfusion by increasing vasoconstriction.
34. Select the dosage for dopamine infusion in bradycardia:
- Answer: 2-20 mcg/kg/min.
Explanation: Dopamine is used in bradycardia when atropine is ineffective. The dose range of 2–20 mcg/kg/min is titrated based on patient response, balancing the desired effects with potential adverse effects like tachyarrhythmias.
35. You encounter a collapsed patient who appears conscious and begin the systematic approach, which survey should you use for the initial assessment?
- Answer: ACLS Primary Survey.
Explanation: The ACLS Primary Survey is used to evaluate and manage life-threatening conditions. It focuses on airway, breathing, circulation, and defibrillation, which are crucial for an initial assessment of a collapsed patient.
36. Which of the following is true in adult bradycardia with a pulse?
- Answer: Atropine should be given in a dose of 0.5 mg bolus to a maximum of 3 mg.
Explanation: Atropine is the first-line drug for symptomatic bradycardia. It is administered in 0.5 mg increments every 3–5 minutes, with a maximum total dose of 3 mg. Dopamine and pacing are used if atropine is ineffective.
37. Which of the following is a typical characteristic of sinus tachycardia?
- Answer: All of the above (Heart rate at 120 bpm, P-wave present before each QRS, Narrow QRS).
Explanation: Sinus tachycardia is characterized by a regular rhythm with a heart rate above 100 bpm, identifiable P-waves preceding each QRS complex, and a narrow QRS complex. These features indicate normal conduction originating from the sinus node.
38. A recently collapsed patient is unconscious and is breathing abnormally. You have already sent someone to retrieve an AED and call 911. You are unsure whether you feel a pulse or not. You should immediately:
- Answer: Begin chest compressions.
Explanation: If you are unsure whether a pulse is present, assume cardiac arrest and initiate chest compressions immediately. High-quality CPR is the most effective intervention to maintain circulation until advanced help arrives. Delays in starting compressions reduce survival rates.