11) According to the sociological tradition of __, relationships with other people play a large part in forming the self.
A) self-image congruence
B) self-completion theory
C) symbolic interactionism
D) body cathexis
12) __ is the promotional strategy that involves select consumers altering some aspects of their selves to advertise for a branded product.
A) Body cathexis
B) Identity marketing
C) Impression management
D) Self extension
13) Which of the following best defines what is implied by the symbolic self-completion theory?
A) Consumers with low self-esteem tend to buy products that violate their self-concept.
B) Consumers who have an incomplete self-definition tend to buy products that complete their identity.
C) Consumers delay purchases that conform to their actual self-image until their self-concept is consistent with their social self.
D) Consumers select products that conform to their self-image through a process that is largely subconscious.
14) According to __ models, we choose products with attributes that match some aspect of our selves.
A) impression management
B) identity marketing
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) self-image congruence
15) The extended self is comprised of __.
A) our actual and ideal selves
B) our actual and virtual selves
C) external objects we consider a part of us
D) our body image and self-esteem
16) Dorothy’s red shoes in the Wizard of Oz (1939) exemplify which of the following concepts of the self?
A) extended self
B) ideal self
C) mirror-image self
D) actual self
17) Which of the following is NOT one of the four levels of the extended self?
A) family level
B) community level
C) social level
D) individual level
18) A society that expects males to pursue __ goals stresses male self-assertion and mastery.
A) communal
B) agentic
C) androgynous
D) self-completion
19) Many societies, such as the United States, have a tendency to expect women to pursue goals and men to pursue goals.
A) extended self; self-completion
B) communal; agentic
C) social class; self-congruence
D) androgynous; hierarchical
20) __ are characteristics and behaviors that people stereotypically associate with one gender or the other.
A) Androgynous traits
B) Sex-typed traits
C) Sexual dimporhic markers
D) Body dysmorphias
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
- C) symbolic interactionism
Explanation: Symbolic interactionism is a sociological theory that emphasizes the role of social interactions in shaping the self. According to this perspective, individuals develop their self-concept and identity through interactions with others. People interpret and respond to symbols in their social environment, and these interpretations play a key role in forming one’s sense of self. For example, our perception of how others see us can influence our self-image, and we learn who we are based on feedback from others.
- B) Identity marketing
Explanation: Identity marketing refers to a promotional strategy where consumers are encouraged to alter some aspects of their self-concept in ways that align with the brand or product being marketed. Companies use identity marketing by associating their products with certain identities and encouraging consumers to adopt these identities as part of their own self-image. This strategy plays on the desire for consumers to identify with the brand, altering how they view themselves in relation to the product.
- B) Consumers who have an incomplete self-definition tend to buy products that complete their identity.
Explanation: Symbolic self-completion theory suggests that people who feel incomplete in some aspect of their identity are motivated to purchase products that help them feel whole. For example, someone who perceives their career as lacking success might buy products that signal achievement or power, like a luxury car or expensive suit, in an attempt to complete their identity and boost their self-concept.
- D) self-image congruence
Explanation: Self-image congruence models suggest that consumers are more likely to choose products that align with their self-image. When a product matches aspects of a consumer’s identity, it becomes more attractive and desirable. For example, someone who values environmental sustainability might choose eco-friendly products because they align with their self-image as an environmentally conscious person.
- C) external objects we consider a part of us
Explanation: The extended self refers to the idea that the self-concept is not limited to just our body and mind but extends to objects and possessions we identify with. These possessions, such as clothes, cars, or even pets, become part of how we define ourselves. The extended self represents the broader way in which people incorporate material objects into their sense of identity.
- A) extended self
Explanation: Dorothy’s red shoes symbolize the extended self in the context of the Wizard of Oz. The shoes are not just a physical object, but they hold significant emotional and symbolic value to Dorothy, representing her personal identity, journey, and aspirations. They become an extension of her self-concept as she uses them to achieve her goals.
- C) social level
Explanation: The four levels of the extended self include the individual level (self and personal belongings), family level (family possessions), community level (social and geographic group), and the group level (social groups or affiliations). “Social level” is not typically one of the accepted categories within the extended self model.
- B) agentic
Explanation: Agentic goals are goals focused on self-assertion, mastery, and independence. These goals are often associated with male stereotypes in many cultures. Men are expected to pursue goals related to autonomy, achievement, and dominance, which are referred to as agentic goals.
- B) communal; agentic
Explanation: Many societies, including the United States, tend to expect women to pursue communal goals, which involve caring, nurturing, and fostering relationships, while men are expected to pursue agentic goals, which involve assertiveness, independence, and control. These traditional gender roles can influence the way individuals are socialized and their behavior in society.
- B) Sex-typed traits
Explanation: Sex-typed traits are characteristics and behaviors that are stereotypically associated with one gender or the other. For example, traits like nurturing and caregiving are often associated with women, while traits like aggression and dominance are often associated with men. These stereotypes influence how society expects individuals to behave based on their gender.