Bacterial cell wall membrane includes all EXCEPT

Bacterial cell wall membrane includes all EXCEPT ( Mark both answers )

Group of answer choices O- polysaccharides porins lipoproteins asymmetric phospholipids membrane lipid A teichoic acids   18.ÂÂ
F plasmid is best desribed as a ……………… plasmidÂÂ

Group of answer choices non self transmissible self transmissible virulence plasmid becos it codes for toxin promiscuous high copy number  19.ÂÂ
Identify the FALSE statement from the following,

Group of answer choices self transmissible plasmids have origin of transfer as well as mobilisation genes inclusions are non functional, storage granules accumulated inside bacterial cells plasmid DNA are in nucleoid area in Bacillus anthracis R plasmid codes for the sex pili host range refers to ability of plasmid to multiply in cell types   21.ÂÂ
Which one of the following statement regarding plasmid is FALSE,

Group of answer choices they are small, extrachromosomal DNA molecules they are necessary for metabolism and survival under normal conditions they may encode genes that provide antibiotic resistance few plasmid encode genes for toxin production plasmids can jump species barrier  24.ÂÂ
Identify the CORRECT statement regarding bacterial ribosomes,

Group of answer choices are of the 70 S type made of RNA and proteins have small and large subunits plays role in translation can be the target site for antibiotics all of the above are correct statements   26.ÂÂ
Which of the following is NOT a type of flagella arrangement?ÂÂ

Group of answer choices monotrichous diplotrichous peritrichous amphitrichous . lophotrichous   ÂÂ

The Correct Answer and Explanation is :

Question 1: Bacterial cell wall membrane includes all EXCEPT:

Answer choices:

• O-polysaccharides
• Porins
• Lipoproteins
• Asymmetric phospholipids
• Membrane lipid A
• Teichoic acids

Answer: The correct answers are Teichoic acids and O-polysaccharides.

Explanation:

• The bacterial cell wall membrane typically includes porins, lipoproteins, asymmetric phospholipids, and lipid A, which are integral components of the membrane and contribute to the structural integrity and functions like transport and protection.
• Teichoic acids are found in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria, but not in the membrane.
• O-polysaccharides are part of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria, but they are not a direct part of the membrane structure itself—they are more specifically a component of lipopolysaccharides (LPS).

Question 2: F plasmid is best described as a … plasmid:

Answer choices:

• Non-self transmissible
• Self-transmissible
• Virulence plasmid because it codes for toxin
• Promiscuous
• High copy number

Answer: The correct answer is Self-transmissible.

Explanation:

• The F plasmid (Fertility plasmid) is self-transmissible, meaning it can transfer copies of itself to other bacteria through conjugation, often allowing the transfer of genes such as those for antibiotic resistance.
• It is not necessarily virulence related (it does not typically code for toxins).
• Promiscuous plasmids can transfer between various species, but F plasmid is specifically involved in mating (conjugation).
• It is not usually described as having a high copy number compared to some other plasmids.

Question 3: Identify the FALSE statement from the following:

Answer choices:

• Self-transmissible plasmids have origin of transfer as well as mobilisation genes
• Inclusions are non-functional, storage granules accumulated inside bacterial cells
• Plasmid DNA is in the nucleoid area in Bacillus anthracis
• R plasmid codes for the sex pili
• Host range refers to ability of plasmid to multiply in cell types

Answer: The FALSE statement is Plasmid DNA is in the nucleoid area in Bacillus anthracis.

Explanation:

• Plasmid DNA is typically located in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells, not in the nucleoid area. The nucleoid region contains the chromosomal DNA.
• R plasmids (resistance plasmids) code for sex pili that help in conjugation, and host range refers to the ability of plasmids to be replicated in different host cells (not just cell types).

Question 4: Which one of the following statements regarding plasmids is FALSE:

Answer choices:

• They are small, extrachromosomal DNA molecules
• They are necessary for metabolism and survival under normal conditions
• They may encode genes that provide antibiotic resistance
• Few plasmids encode genes for toxin production
• Plasmids can jump species barrier

Answer: The FALSE statement is They are necessary for metabolism and survival under normal conditions.

Explanation:

• Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA and are not essential for basic metabolism or survival under normal conditions. However, they often carry genes that can give bacteria advantages, such as antibiotic resistance or virulence factors (e.g., toxin production).
• Some plasmids encode genes for antibiotic resistance or toxin production, and they can even transfer between different species, allowing them to “jump species barriers.”

Question 5: Identify the CORRECT statement regarding bacterial ribosomes:

Answer choices:

• Are of the 70 S type
• Made of RNA and proteins
• Have small and large subunits
• Play a role in translation
• Can be the target site for antibiotics
• All of the above are correct statements

Answer: The correct answer is All of the above are correct statements.

Explanation:

• Bacterial ribosomes are 70S ribosomes, made up of rRNA and proteins.
• They consist of a small subunit (30S) and a large subunit (50S).
• Ribosomes play a crucial role in translation, the process of protein synthesis.
• Many antibiotics (such as tetracyclines, macrolides, and aminoglycosides) target bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis, and therefore preventing bacterial growth.

Question 6: Which of the following is NOT a type of flagella arrangement?

Answer choices:

• Monotrichous
• Diplotrichous
• Peritrichous
• Amphitrichous
• Lophotrichous

Answer: The correct answer is Diplotrichous.

Explanation:

• Monotrichous: A single flagellum at one end of the cell.
• Peritrichous: Flagella distributed around the entire surface of the bacterium.
• Amphitrichous: Flagella at both ends of the bacterium.
• Lophotrichous: A tuft or cluster of flagella at one end of the bacterium.
• Diplotrichous is not a valid type of flagellar arrangement. The correct term would be lophotrichous for flagella at one end or a similar cluster.

I hope this helps clarify the concepts! Let me know if you need further explanation on any of the topics.