A primate with a 2.1.2.3 dental formula has how many teeth total in the mouth?
A) 32
B) 20
C) 8
D) 16
A primate with a 2.1.3.3 dental formula has how many canines total?
A) 2
B) 12
C) 1
D) 6
E) 4
A Y-5 molar pattern indicates that
A) there are five cusps on the lowar molars
B) the primates eats only fruit
C) the cusps make a Y pattern on five of the molars
D) the primates also has a “V” shaped dental arcade
E) A and D only
F) B and C only
All primates eat meat regularly.
True
False
Folivorous primates have teeth with __, which are specially adapted to its diet.
A) shearing crests
B) sharp crests for puncturing
C) low cusps
D) few crests
Humans have the largest diastema amongst the primates.
True
False
If a species has a low ratio of lever to load arm, this relative value indicates that the masseter muscle system in the primate is designed for
A) tall ramus
B) bunodont teeth
C) high speed
D) high power
It has been found that the females of the species always hunt more than the males.
True
False
Mammals are characterized by
A) homodont dentition
B) heterodont dentition
C) two sets of teeth — deciduous and permanent
D) lower jaw composed of six bones
E) A and D
F) B and C only
The teporalis muscle inserts at the coronoid process of the mandible and originates at the
A) temporomandibular joint
B) maxilla
C) ztgomatic arch
D) sagittal crest
The __ is a pointed, curved tooth, usually larger than other teeth in most primates. This tooth grasps, stabs, rips and tears food as well as plays a role in defense.
A) canine
B) molar
C) premolar
D) incisor
Very thick enamel on the molars indicates that the primate
A) consumes hard foods, like nuts or seeds
B) hunts meat and chews the bones
C) is omnivores
D) also has a 3.1.4.3 dental formula
When animals with large canines close their mouths, the canines interlock, each fiting into a space called a(n)
A) dental arcade
B) diastema
C) cusp
D) temporal line
When hunting monkeys, chimpanzees do it individually; hunting in groups creates too much competition over the meat.
True
False
‘Stereotyped’ means “inconsistent in form.”
True
False
A catalog of definitions of behavioral acts is called a(n)
A) ethogram
B) model
C) pilot list
D) null list
E) instrument
A primary feature of science is its self-correcting nature.
True
False
A way to prevent accepting the null hypothesis by mistake is to
A) increase the sample size
B) formalize the research hypothesis
C) be careful
D) think clearly
E) make “p” smaller
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Here are the correct answers along with explanations for each question:
- A primate with a 2.1.2.3 dental formula has how many teeth total in the mouth?
- Answer: A) 32
- Explanation: The dental formula “2.1.2.3” indicates the number of teeth in each quadrant of the mouth. “2” refers to two incisors, “1” refers to one canine, “2” refers to two premolars, and “3” refers to three molars in each quadrant. Multiplying these by the number of quadrants (4), you get: (2 + 1 + 2 + 3) × 4 = 32 teeth.
- A primate with a 2.1.3.3 dental formula has how many canines total?
- Answer: A) 2
- Explanation: The dental formula “2.1.3.3” means there are two incisors, one canine, three premolars, and three molars in each quadrant. Since each quadrant has only one canine, there are a total of 2 canines.
- A Y-5 molar pattern indicates that:
- Answer: A) there are five cusps on the lower molars
- Explanation: The Y-5 molar pattern is a feature seen in primates, particularly apes. It indicates that the lower molars have five cusps, which are arranged in a “Y” shape. This pattern is often associated with a fruit and leaf-based diet.
- All primates eat meat regularly.
- Answer: False
- Explanation: Not all primates eat meat regularly. While some species of primates are omnivorous or carnivorous, others are herbivorous (e.g., folivores or frugivores), primarily eating leaves, fruit, or other plant materials.
- Folivorous primates have teeth with __, which are specially adapted to their diet.
- Answer: A) shearing crests
- Explanation: Folivorous primates, which primarily consume leaves, have teeth with sharp, shearing crests that help break down tough plant material. These crests assist in grinding and slicing through fibrous leaves.
- Humans have the largest diastema amongst the primates.
- Answer: False
- Explanation: A diastema is a gap between teeth, often found between the upper incisors and canines. While humans do have a diastema, it is not the largest among primates. Some primates, such as great apes, have larger diastemas.
- If a species has a low ratio of lever to load arm, this relative value indicates that the masseter muscle system in the primate is designed for:
- Answer: D) high power
- Explanation: A low ratio of lever to load arm in the jaw indicates that the species has a powerful bite, which is typical of primates with a high-powered masseter muscle system, such as those that consume hard foods or engage in heavy chewing.
- It has been found that the females of the species always hunt more than the males.
- Answer: False
- Explanation: In some primate species, both males and females may hunt, but it is not a universal pattern. In many species, males may hunt more than females, or hunting may be a cooperative activity. The specific behavior depends on the species.
- Mammals are characterized by:
- Answer: F) B and C only
- Explanation: Mammals are characterized by heterodont dentition (different types of teeth for different functions, such as incisors, canines, and molars) and having two sets of teeth: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth.
- The temporalis muscle inserts at the coronoid process of the mandible and originates at the:
- Answer: C) zygomatic arch
- Explanation: The temporalis muscle, involved in chewing, originates at the zygomatic arch (the cheekbone) and inserts at the coronoid process of the mandible (the upper part of the lower jaw), allowing for powerful jaw movement.
- The __ is a pointed, curved tooth, usually larger than other teeth in most primates. This tooth grasps, stabs, rips, and tears food as well as plays a role in defense.
- Answer: A) canine
- Explanation: Canine teeth are typically pointed and curved, larger than other teeth, and are used for grasping, tearing, and sometimes defense in primates and other mammals.
- Very thick enamel on the molars indicates that the primate:
- Answer: A) consumes hard foods, like nuts or seeds
- Explanation: Thick enamel on the molars is an adaptation for chewing hard foods, such as nuts, seeds, and other tough materials, providing resistance to wear.
- When animals with large canines close their mouths, the canines interlock, each fitting into a space called a(n):
- Answer: B) diastema
- Explanation: The diastema is the gap between the incisors and canines, which allows for the interlocking of the canine teeth, helping them fit together when the mouth is closed.
- When hunting monkeys, chimpanzees do it individually; hunting in groups creates too much competition over the meat.
- Answer: False
- Explanation: Chimpanzees often hunt in groups, and cooperation among them is key in capturing and sharing prey, although some competition may occur.
- ‘Stereotyped’ means “inconsistent in form.”
- Answer: False
- Explanation: “Stereotyped” refers to repetitive, predictable behaviors that are consistent in form, rather than inconsistent.
- A catalog of definitions of behavioral acts is called a(n):
- Answer: A) ethogram
- Explanation: An ethogram is a catalog or list of behaviors exhibited by an animal, used in the study of animal behavior.
- A primary feature of science is its self-correcting nature.
- Answer: True
- Explanation: One of the main characteristics of science is its self-correcting nature, where new data and experiments lead to the refinement or revision of theories and understanding over time.
- A way to prevent accepting the null hypothesis by mistake is to:
- Answer: A) increase the sample size
- Explanation: Increasing the sample size reduces the likelihood of making a Type II error (failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false), thus making the results more reliable.
These answers and explanations should help clarify the concepts and the reasoning behind the correct choices.