1) Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding prokaryotic cells? A) Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane. B) They lack membrane-enclosed organelles. C) They typically have a circular chromosome. D) They reproduce by binary fission. E) They lack a plasma membrane.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The incorrect statement regarding prokaryotic cells is:
E) They lack a plasma membrane.
Explanation:
Prokaryotic cells are a simple and ancient form of cellular life, distinct from eukaryotic cells. Let’s break down why each statement is true or false.
- A) Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane.
This statement is true. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, which means their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane-bound structure. Instead, their genetic material is found in a region called the nucleoid, which is not separated by a membrane. - B) They lack membrane-enclosed organelles.
This statement is true. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, or the Golgi apparatus. The cellular processes in prokaryotes take place in the cytoplasm or at the plasma membrane. - C) They typically have a circular chromosome.
This statement is true. Most prokaryotic cells have a single, circular chromosome made of DNA. This contrasts with eukaryotic cells, which have multiple linear chromosomes enclosed in a nucleus. - D) They reproduce by binary fission.
This statement is true. Prokaryotes reproduce asexually through binary fission, where the cell splits into two identical daughter cells. This is a simpler and faster method of reproduction compared to the mitosis process in eukaryotes. - E) They lack a plasma membrane.
This statement is false. All prokaryotic cells have a plasma membrane, which is essential for controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The plasma membrane serves as the boundary between the inside of the cell and the external environment. Therefore, prokaryotes cannot lack this membrane.
In conclusion, the incorrect statement is E, as prokaryotic cells absolutely have a plasma membrane.