According to the learned helplessness model of depression, depressed individuals generally think negatively about themselves, their situations, and their futures.O make errors in logic when explaining positive or negative *outcomes they have experienced. attribute negative outcomes to situational factors that are both temporary and specific.think they have no control over the outcomes they experience.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is: think they have no control over the outcomes they experience.
Explanation:
The learned helplessness model of depression, developed by psychologist Martin Seligman, posits that individuals who experience repeated uncontrollable or negative events in their lives can develop a sense of helplessness. This feeling of helplessness can lead to depression, as these individuals begin to believe they have no power or control over their circumstances, which affects their emotional and psychological well-being.
In the context of depression, individuals often interpret events through a distorted lens. They may exhibit negative thinking patterns, attributing negative outcomes to internal, stable, and global causes. For example, if something goes wrong, they may believe it’s due to their own inherent inability, and they may generalize that failure across all areas of their life, thinking that their failures are constant and pervasive.
One key aspect of learned helplessness is the belief that outcomes are uncontrollable. This feeling of powerlessness is central to the model. When a person feels they are unable to change or influence the events in their lives—whether because of past experiences, external pressures, or negative self-perceptions—they may become passive and disengaged. This sense of no control creates a feedback loop, where the individual stops trying to improve or change their situation because they believe their actions won’t make any difference.
This model has been foundational in understanding depression because it highlights the role of cognitive distortions and the importance of self-efficacy (the belief in one’s ability to control outcomes). Therapeutic interventions, like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), are often used to challenge and reframe these negative thought patterns, helping individuals regain a sense of control and agency in their lives, thus reducing feelings of helplessness and depression.