Which of the following is correct about transmission?
A. HBV is considerably more persistent than HIV.
B. HBV may be transmitted by handling or touching sanitized surfaces.
C. Blood borne pathogens are disease causing micro-organisms that can only be transmitted by direct contact with blood.
D. All the above
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The correct answer is:
A. HBV is considerably more persistent than HIV.
Explanation (300 words)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are both bloodborne pathogens, but HBV is much more persistent in the environment than HIV. HBV can survive outside the human body for at least 7 days, while HIV typically becomes inactive within minutes to hours when exposed to environmental conditions. This makes HBV a greater risk for transmission through contaminated surfaces, dried blood, and indirect contact.
Why A is Correct:
HBV’s ability to remain viable on surfaces and in dried blood significantly increases the risk of indirect transmission, whereas HIV is far more fragile. This persistence is a crucial factor in infection control in healthcare settings, making HBV a higher occupational hazard for healthcare workers than HIV.
Why B is Incorrect:
While HBV is more resilient, proper sanitation significantly reduces the risk of transmission. If surfaces are properly disinfected with an appropriate cleaner (such as a diluted bleach solution or hospital-grade disinfectant), the risk of HBV transmission is extremely low. Handling or touching sanitized surfaces does not pose a significant risk of HBV transmission.
Why C is Incorrect:
Bloodborne pathogens, including HBV and HIV, are primarily transmitted through blood and other bodily fluids, but not only by direct blood-to-blood contact. HBV can also spread through semen, vaginal fluids, and even indirect contact with contaminated surfaces. HIV, on the other hand, requires direct blood or mucous membrane exposure, such as through needlestick injuries, unprotected sex, or sharing needles.
Why D is Incorrect:
Since statements B and C contain inaccuracies, “All the above” cannot be the correct answer.
Thus, the best answer is A. HBV is considerably more persistent than HIV.