Give the formula for sodium perchlorate. NaCIO4 NaCIO3 NaCIO
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The correct formula for sodium perchlorate is NaClO₄.
Explanation:
Sodium perchlorate (NaClO₄) is an inorganic compound that consists of the sodium cation (Na⁺) and the perchlorate anion (ClO₄⁻). Let’s break down the components:
- Sodium (Na⁺) is a metal that forms a cation with a +1 charge when it loses an electron. Sodium is in Group 1 of the periodic table, meaning it typically forms ionic compounds with a +1 charge.
- Perchlorate (ClO₄⁻) is a polyatomic anion made up of a chlorine (Cl) atom bonded to four oxygen (O) atoms. The chlorine in perchlorate is in the +7 oxidation state, which is the highest oxidation state of chlorine in its compounds. The overall charge of the perchlorate ion is -1, as oxygen is highly electronegative and pulls electrons away from chlorine, creating a negative charge on the molecule.
When these two ions combine, sodium (Na⁺) and perchlorate (ClO₄⁻) form sodium perchlorate (NaClO₄). In this compound, the positive charge of the sodium ion balances the negative charge of the perchlorate ion, resulting in a neutral compound.
Comparison with other formulas:
- NaClO₃ is sodium chlorate, not sodium perchlorate. Sodium chlorate contains the chlorate ion (ClO₃⁻), where chlorine has an oxidation state of +5.
- NaClO is sodium hypochlorite, which contains the hypochlorite ion (ClO⁻), where chlorine has an oxidation state of +1.
In summary, sodium perchlorate has the formula NaClO₄, and its structure includes sodium ions paired with perchlorate anions, which contain chlorine in the +7 oxidation state surrounded by four oxygen atoms.