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The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Mitosis Stages:
- Interphase (Early and Late):
- Interphase is the phase before mitosis begins. It consists of three stages:
- G1 (Gap 1): The cell grows and carries out its normal functions.
- S (Synthesis): DNA replication occurs.
- G2 (Gap 2): The cell prepares for mitosis, producing proteins and other materials.
- Interphase is technically not a part of mitosis, but it is often shown leading into it.
- Late Interphase occurs right before the cell enters prophase, after DNA has been replicated in the S phase.
- Prophase:
- Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
- The nuclear envelope begins to break down.
- Spindle fibers start forming from the centrosomes, and the mitotic spindle begins to form.
- Metaphase:
- Chromosomes align at the cell’s equator (the metaphase plate).
- Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome.
- Anaphase:
- The sister chromatids are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers.
- Telophase:
- Chromatids reach opposite poles and begin to de-condense into chromatin.
- The nuclear envelope starts to reform around the two sets of chromosomes.
- Cytokinesis:
- The division of the cytoplasm occurs, splitting the cell into two daughter cells.
- In animal cells, this occurs via a cleavage furrow, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms.
Explanation:
Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells. It ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes, which is crucial for maintaining genetic consistency. The stages of mitosis are carefully regulated and are essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
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