A block initially at rest is given a quick punh by a hand. The block slides across the floor, gradually slows down, and comes to rest.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
The scenario describes an object (the block) that is initially at rest and then given an initial push, causing it to slide across the floor. Eventually, the block slows down and comes to a stop due to friction between the block and the surface of the floor. This is an example of motion influenced by Newton’s laws, specifically the laws of motion and friction.
Explanation:
- Initial Conditions (At Rest):
- Initially, the block is at rest, so its velocity is zero. The hand provides a force to overcome static friction, allowing the block to start moving.
- Kinetic Friction:
- Once the block starts moving, it experiences kinetic friction. This type of friction is always opposing the motion and works to slow down the block. The frictional force depends on the normal force and the coefficient of friction between the block and the surface. This frictional force causes the block to decelerate.
- Deceleration and Energy Dissipation:
- As the block moves, the friction force is continuously acting in the opposite direction to the motion. According to Newton’s second law ((F = ma)), the force of friction causes the block to decelerate (negative acceleration) until it comes to a stop. The energy of the moving block is gradually converted into heat energy due to friction.
- Final State (At Rest):
- The block eventually comes to rest when all its kinetic energy is dissipated as heat through friction. At this point, the velocity of the block is zero, and it remains at rest unless acted upon by another force.
Forces Involved:
- Force of the hand: The initial force from the hand gives the block a velocity.
- Frictional force: Acts opposite to the direction of motion, decelerating the block.
- Normal force: Acts perpendicular to the surface, supporting the block’s weight.
This process involves the conversion of kinetic energy into heat and the block’s eventual cessation of motion due to frictional forces.
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