Give the names of the following polyatomic ions:
a) OH-1
ion
b) CO3-2
ion
c) PO4-3
ion
d) CN-1
ion
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Here are the names of the given polyatomic ions:
a) OH⁻ – Hydroxide Ion
b) CO₃²⁻ – Carbonate Ion
c) PO₄³⁻ – Phosphate Ion
d) CN⁻ – Cyanide Ion
Explanation:
Polyatomic ions are ions made up of more than one atom, usually a combination of different elements, that are bonded together and carry a net electrical charge. These ions can be negatively charged (anions) or positively charged (cations), but in your list, all are anions.
- Hydroxide Ion (OH⁻):
The hydroxide ion consists of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. It carries a negative charge because oxygen, being more electronegative, attracts the shared electrons more strongly, leaving the hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge. The resulting ion has a -1 charge. - Carbonate Ion (CO₃²⁻):
The carbonate ion consists of one carbon atom centrally bonded to three oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar configuration. The carbon-oxygen bonds are covalent, and the negative charge is delocalized over the three oxygen atoms, resulting in an overall charge of -2. This ion is common in carbonates like sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) or calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). - Phosphate Ion (PO₄³⁻):
The phosphate ion is composed of one phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms in a tetrahedral shape. The phosphorus atom is in the center, with the negative charge distributed among the oxygen atoms. This ion carries a -3 charge and is a key component in biological molecules like DNA and ATP. - Cyanide Ion (CN⁻):
The cyanide ion consists of one carbon atom triple-bonded to one nitrogen atom. It carries a -1 charge, with the negative charge typically residing on the nitrogen atom. Cyanide is a highly toxic ion and is involved in industrial processes, such as gold mining.
These ions are important in various chemical reactions, especially in biological and industrial systems. They play crucial roles in acid-base chemistry, environmental science, and biochemistry.
I’ll generate a visual representation for you next!
Here is the diagram showing the structures of the four polyatomic ions (Hydroxide, Carbonate, Phosphate, and Cyanide) with their bonding and charges indicated. Let me know if you’d like further clarification on any of the ions or their structures!
