Which of the following bone markings is NOT a projection for muscle attachment?
A. Fossa
B. Tuberosity
C. Tubercle
D. Trochanter
Which of the list below is a cell that reabsorbs bone?
A. Osteon
B. Osteoblast
C. Osteocyte
D. Osteoclast
The formula for the inorganic salts in bone is:
A. NH6C3COOH
B. C6H12O6
C. Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
D. CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Here are the correct answers and explanations for each of the questions:
27. Which of the following bone markings is NOT a projection for muscle attachment?
Answer: A. Fossa
Explanation:
Bone markings are classified into two main categories: projections (which are often sites for muscle attachment) and depressions (which usually serve as areas where structures such as blood vessels or nerves pass through). Projections are often called processes and include structures like tuberosities, tubercles, and trochanters.
- Fossa refers to a depression or hollow area in a bone. It is not a projection, and therefore, it is not associated with muscle attachment. Instead, it may accommodate other structures like muscles, tendons, or organs.
- Tuberosity is a roughened projection on a bone where muscles or tendons attach.
- Tubercle is a small, rounded projection or protuberance on a bone, also typically associated with muscle attachment.
- Trochanter is a large, prominent projection, especially found on the femur, where large muscles attach.
28. Which of the list below is a cell that reabsorbs bone?
Answer: D. Osteoclast
Explanation:
Bone is a dynamic tissue that is constantly being broken down and rebuilt. The cells responsible for this process include:
- Osteoclasts are the cells that reabsorb (break down) bone tissue. They release enzymes and acids that dissolve the mineralized matrix of bone.
- Osteoblasts are the cells responsible for bone formation, synthesizing the matrix and promoting mineralization.
- Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain the bone matrix and communicate with other bone cells to regulate the bone remodeling process.
- Osteon is not a cell but a structural unit of bone.
29. The formula for the inorganic salts in bone is:
Answer: C. Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
Explanation:
The primary inorganic component of bone is hydroxyapatite, which gives bone its hardness and strength. The chemical formula for hydroxyapatite is:
- Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. This consists of calcium (Ca), phosphate (PO4), and hydroxide (OH) ions.
Hydroxyapatite is a mineral that is deposited in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue, providing structural integrity and making bones capable of withstanding compressive forces.
- NH6C3COOH is the formula for an amino acid (glutamic acid).
- C6H12O6 represents glucose, a simple sugar.
- CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH is the formula for a fatty acid (oleic acid).
I will generate an image of the bone structure showing osteoclasts and the mineralized bone matrix.
Here is the illustration showing a section of bone with osteoclasts reabsorbing the bone tissue. You can see the osteoclasts actively breaking down the mineralized bone matrix, represented by hydroxyapatite. Let me know if you need further clarification!