Write the symbol for alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. Include the atomic mass and atomic number, where relevant.
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Symbols for Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Radiation:
- Alpha Radiation (α):
- Symbol: (\alpha) or (^{4}_{2}\text{He})
- Atomic Number: 2
- Atomic Mass: 4 Alpha radiation is composed of helium nuclei ((^{4}_{2}\text{He})), which consist of two protons and two neutrons. These particles are emitted during radioactive decay, often from heavy elements like uranium and radon. Since alpha particles are relatively large and heavy compared to beta and gamma radiation, they have low penetration power. Alpha particles can be stopped by a sheet of paper or even human skin. However, they can cause significant damage if inhaled or ingested.
- Beta Radiation (β):
- Symbol: (\beta^-) or (e^-)
- Atomic Number: -1 (for beta-minus)
- Atomic Mass: 0 (since it’s a particle of negligible mass) Beta radiation consists of high-energy, high-speed electrons ((e^-)) or positrons ((e^+)) emitted from the nucleus during a process known as beta decay. In beta-minus decay, a neutron in the nucleus transforms into a proton, releasing an electron and an antineutrino. Beta particles have greater penetrating ability than alpha particles, being able to pass through materials like paper but stopped by a few millimeters of aluminum. Beta radiation can pose a hazard if the material emitting the radiation comes into contact with skin or is ingested.
- Gamma Radiation (γ):
- Symbol: (\gamma)
- Atomic Number: 0
- Atomic Mass: 0 Gamma radiation consists of high-energy electromagnetic waves (photons) emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom, often following alpha or beta decay. Gamma radiation has no mass or charge and is extremely penetrating. It can pass through most materials, requiring dense substances like lead or several centimeters of concrete to effectively shield against it. Gamma radiation is typically the most hazardous form of radiation, especially if exposure is prolonged or if the material emitting it is in close proximity.
These different types of radiation are significant in fields like nuclear physics and medical imaging, where proper understanding and shielding are essential for safety.
I will generate an image to visualize these types of radiation now.
Here is an illustration showing alpha, beta, and gamma radiation, complete with their respective atomic numbers and atomic masses. It should provide a clear visual for better understanding. Let me know if you need any further details!
