Predict whether the following compounds are soluble or insoluble in water.
Soluble Insoluble
PbCl2 BaSO4 FeCO3 KNO3 AgNO3 CuBr2
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Here are the predictions for the solubility of the given compounds in water:
- PbCl2 (Lead(II) chloride): Insoluble
- BaSO4 (Barium sulfate): Insoluble
- FeCO3 (Iron(II) carbonate): Insoluble
- KNO3 (Potassium nitrate): Soluble
- AgNO3 (Silver nitrate): Soluble
- CuBr2 (Copper(II) bromide): Soluble
Explanation
The solubility of compounds in water can be determined using general solubility rules from chemistry. Here is a brief explanation based on these rules:
- Lead(II) chloride (PbCl2): Generally, chlorides are soluble, but there are exceptions for salts of lead, silver, and mercury. Therefore, PbCl2 is insoluble in water.
- Barium sulfate (BaSO4): Most sulfate salts are soluble in water, but barium sulfate is an exception, making it insoluble. This is because the lattice energy of the solid is not sufficiently overcome by the hydration energy of the ions.
- Iron(II) carbonate (FeCO3): Carbonates are typically insoluble except for those of the alkali metals (such as sodium and potassium) and ammonium. Iron(II) carbonate falls under the general rule and is insoluble.
- Potassium nitrate (KNO3): Nitrates are highly soluble in water. Potassium nitrate is no exception due to its ionic nature and the ability of water molecules to effectively stabilize the ions in solution.
- Silver nitrate (AgNO3): Similar to other nitrates, silver nitrate is very soluble in water. The solubility of AgNO3 is due to the strong hydration energy of the silver ion which is greater than the lattice energy of the solid.
- Copper(II) bromide (CuBr2): Bromides are generally soluble except for those of silver, lead, and mercury. Copper(II) bromide is soluble in water because the hydration energy of the copper and bromide ions overcomes the lattice energy of the solid.
This understanding of solubility based on ionic character and exceptions helps in predicting whether a compound will dissolve in water.
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