An enzyme is defined as a A) Protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted. B) Protein that functions as a hormone C) Protein that inhibits chemical reactions by being changed or depleted D) Fibrous protein that is used to help build certain tissues in the body
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Correct Answer:
A) Protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted.
Explanation:
Enzymes are biological catalysts that play a critical role in speeding up chemical reactions in living organisms. They are mostly made up of proteins, though some RNA molecules can also have catalytic properties (ribozymes). Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to proceed, allowing biochemical processes to occur at rates necessary for life.
One of the most important characteristics of enzymes is that they are not consumed or permanently altered during the reaction. This means that after catalyzing one reaction, they can continue to facilitate additional reactions, making them highly efficient.
Each enzyme is highly specific to its substrate, meaning it only binds to particular molecules based on shape, charge, and molecular properties. This specificity is often described by the “lock and key” or “induced fit” models.
For example, amylase helps break down starch into simple sugars, while DNA polymerase assists in DNA replication. Other enzymes, such as catalase, decompose hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, preventing cell damage from reactive oxygen species.
Enzymes are crucial for numerous physiological functions, including digestion, metabolism, DNA replication, and cellular respiration. They operate under optimal temperature and pH conditions, and any alterations in these factors can lead to enzyme denaturation, reducing their functionality.
Thus, the best answer is A, as enzymes act as proteins that accelerate chemical reactions without being changed or used up in the process.
Now, I’ll generate an image representing enzyme action.
Here is the generated image illustrating enzyme action. It visually represents how an enzyme binds to a substrate, catalyzes a reaction, and releases the products while remaining unchanged. Let me know if you need any modifications or further explanations!
