Classify each substance as a strong acid, strong base, weak acid, or weak base.
CH3COOH HBr HCOOH
CH3NH2 NH3
Ba(OH)2
H2SO4
Ca(OH)2
HCIO
HF
KOH
HCI
Classify each substance as a strong acid,
LiOH NaOH ΗΝΟ
(CH3)2NH CSOH HI HCN ΗΝΟ
Strong acids
Weak acids
Strong bases
Weak bases
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Classification of Acids and Bases
Strong Acids:
- HBr (Hydrobromic acid)
- H₂SO₄ (Sulfuric acid)
- HClO₄ (Perchloric acid)
- HI (Hydroiodic acid)
- HCl (Hydrochloric acid)
- HNO₃ (Nitric acid)
Explanation:
Strong acids fully ionize in aqueous solutions, meaning they completely dissociate into their ions. For example, HCl dissociates as:
[
HCl \rightarrow H^+ + Cl^-
]
This complete ionization makes them excellent proton donors in reactions.
Weak Acids:
- CH₃COOH (Acetic acid)
- HCOOH (Formic acid)
- HClO (Hypochlorous acid)
- HF (Hydrofluoric acid)
- HCN (Hydrocyanic acid)
Explanation:
Weak acids only partially ionize in aqueous solutions, meaning an equilibrium exists between the undissociated acid and its ions. For example, acetic acid dissociation:
[
CH_3COOH \rightleftharpoons CH_3COO^- + H^+
]
Since only some molecules dissociate, weak acids have a lower concentration of hydrogen ions in solution.
Strong Bases:
- Ba(OH)₂ (Barium hydroxide)
- Ca(OH)₂ (Calcium hydroxide)
- KOH (Potassium hydroxide)
- LiOH (Lithium hydroxide)
- NaOH (Sodium hydroxide)
- CsOH (Cesium hydroxide)
Explanation:
Strong bases fully dissociate into hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in aqueous solutions. For example, sodium hydroxide:
[
NaOH \rightarrow Na^+ + OH^-
]
Since strong bases completely ionize, they are efficient at neutralizing acids.
Weak Bases:
- CH₃NH₂ (Methylamine)
- NH₃ (Ammonia)
- (CH₃)₂NH (Dimethylamine)
Explanation:
Weak bases partially ionize in solution and establish an equilibrium between the base and its conjugate acid. For example, ammonia:
[
NH_3 + H_2O \rightleftharpoons NH_4^+ + OH^-
]
Since ionization is incomplete, weak bases have a lower concentration of hydroxide ions in solution.
Summary Table:
| Substance | Classification |
|---|---|
| CH₃COOH | Weak acid |
| HBr | Strong acid |
| HCOOH | Weak acid |
| CH₃NH₂ | Weak base |
| NH₃ | Weak base |
| Ba(OH)₂ | Strong base |
| H₂SO₄ | Strong acid |
| Ca(OH)₂ | Strong base |
| HClO | Weak acid |
| HF | Weak acid |
| KOH | Strong base |
| HCl | Strong acid |
| LiOH | Strong base |
| NaOH | Strong base |
| HNO₃ | Strong acid |
| (CH₃)₂NH | Weak base |
| CsOH | Strong base |
| HI | Strong acid |
| HCN | Weak acid |
This classification is based on ionization behavior, chemical properties, and experimental data.
Now, I’ll generate an image illustrating this classification.
Here is the educational infographic illustrating the classification of acids and bases into strong acids, weak acids, strong bases, and weak bases. Let me know if you need any modifications!
