Raymond Cattell was a psychologist who ________.
Question 26 ?options:
believed intelligence consisted of one general factor, called g
developed Multiple Intelligences Theory
developed triarchic theory of intelligence
divided intelligence into two components
The correct answer and explanation is:
Correct Answer:
divided intelligence into two components
Explanation:
Raymond Cattell was a British-American psychologist best known for his contributions to personality theory and intelligence research. One of his most influential theories was the division of intelligence into two components: fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc).
1. Fluid Intelligence (Gf):
Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to think abstractly, reason quickly, and solve novel problems without relying on prior knowledge. It is primarily associated with problem-solving, logical reasoning, and pattern recognition. This type of intelligence is independent of acquired knowledge and tends to decline with age as cognitive processing slows.
For example, solving puzzles, identifying patterns, and thinking critically about new situations require fluid intelligence.
2. Crystallized Intelligence (Gc):
Crystallized intelligence, on the other hand, involves the accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills that a person gains through education and experience. It depends on long-term memory and learned information. Unlike fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence often improves or remains stable with age, as individuals continue to learn and gain wisdom over time.
For instance, vocabulary, general knowledge, and mathematical formulas are examples of crystallized intelligence because they are acquired through schooling and life experiences.
Cattell’s Impact on Intelligence Research:
Cattell’s theory was revolutionary because it challenged the idea that intelligence is a single, fixed trait. His work influenced later researchers, including John Horn, who expanded on the fluid and crystallized intelligence model. Today, Cattell’s theory forms the basis of many modern intelligence tests, including the Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT).
By distinguishing between fluid and crystallized intelligence, Cattell provided valuable insights into cognitive abilities, how intelligence changes over time, and how different factors (such as age and environment) influence intellectual development.
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