How many electrons can a d sublevel hold?
How many electrons can fit in the fourth energy level?
What is the electron configuration for N?
What is the electron configuration for K+?
How many total electrons does the K+ ion have?
How many valence electrons does silicon have?
What charge does the N ion have?
What are the Group IA elements called?
Which element in the fourth period is a halogen?
The Correct Answer and Explanation is :
Answers:
- How many electrons can a d sublevel hold?
- A d sublevel can hold 10 electrons.
- How many electrons can fit in the fourth energy level?
- The fourth energy level can hold up to 32 electrons (2 in the 4s, 6 in the 4p, 10 in the 4d, and 14 in the 4f).
- What is the electron configuration for N (Nitrogen)?
- Nitrogen (N): ( 1s^2 2s^2 2p^3 )
- What is the electron configuration for ( K^+ ) (Potassium ion)?
- Potassium ion (( K^+ )): ( 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 )
- This is the same as the noble gas Argon (Ar) because ( K^+ ) loses its single 4s electron.
- How many total electrons does the ( K^+ ) ion have?
- The neutral potassium atom has 19 electrons, but after losing one electron to form ( K^+ ), it has 18 electrons.
- How many valence electrons does silicon have?
- Silicon (Si) has 4 valence electrons (in the 3s and 3p orbitals).
- What charge does the ( N ) ion have?
- Nitrogen ion (N) forms a ( N^{3-} ) ion because it gains three electrons to complete its octet, giving it a -3 charge.
- What are the Group IA elements called?
- Group IA elements are called alkali metals.
- Which element in the fourth period is a halogen?
- Bromine (Br) is the halogen in the fourth period.
Explanation (300 Words):
The periodic table is structured into energy levels, sublevels, and groups, which determine the properties of elements. The d sublevel, which appears in transition metals, can hold a maximum of 10 electrons. The fourth energy level consists of four sublevels: 4s (2 electrons), 4p (6 electrons), 4d (10 electrons), and 4f (14 electrons), summing up to 32 electrons.
The electron configuration of an element describes how electrons are distributed among its atomic orbitals. Nitrogen (N) has the configuration ( 1s^2 2s^2 2p^3 ), meaning it has five valence electrons. Potassium (K) normally has 19 electrons with the configuration ( 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1 ). However, when it loses one electron to form ( K^+ ), its electron configuration becomes the same as Argon (( Ar )), meaning it has 18 electrons.
Silicon (Si), located in Group 14, has 4 valence electrons, making it crucial in semiconductor technology. Nitrogen ion (N³⁻) forms by gaining three electrons, acquiring a -3 charge to achieve a full outer shell.
The alkali metals (Group IA) include elements like Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), and Potassium (K), known for their high reactivity. In Period 4, the halogen element is Bromine (Br), known for its chemical reactivity in forming salts.
This structure of elements governs their chemical behavior, explaining why elements form ions, react with others, and maintain stability.
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Here is the visually appealing periodic table highlighting the key elements: Nitrogen (N), Potassium (K and K⁺), Silicon (Si), Bromine (Br), and the Alkali metals (Group IA). Let me know if you need any modifications or explanations!