For ClO3-1

a)Draw a possible Lewis structure.

b)Determine the electron-domain geometry,

c)Determine the Molecular shape.

d)Predict the angle between the bonds.

e)Predict the hybridization of the central atom.

The correct answer and explanation is :

Answers for ClO₃⁻ (Chlorate Ion)

a) Lewis Structure

To draw the Lewis structure of ClO₃⁻:

Count Valence Electrons:

Cl: 7
O (3 atoms): 6 × 3 = 18
Extra electron from the negative charge: 1
Total valence electrons = 7 + 18 + 1 = 26

Arrange Atoms:

Cl is the central atom, with three O atoms bonded to it.

Distribute Electrons:

Place single bonds between Cl and each O.
Distribute lone pairs to satisfy the octet rule.
One oxygen forms a double bond with Cl to minimize formal charge.

The final structure has one Cl=O double bond and two Cl-O single bonds with lone pairs on oxygen atoms. The overall charge is -1.

b) Electron-Domain Geometry

The electron-domain geometry is tetrahedral because there are four regions of electron density (three bonding pairs and one lone pair on Cl).

c) Molecular Shape

The molecular shape is trigonal pyramidal, as one of the four regions is a lone pair.

d) Bond Angles

The expected bond angle in a tetrahedral arrangement is 109.5°, but due to lone pair repulsion, the bond angles will be slightly less (around 107°).

e) Hybridization of the Central Atom

Chlorine forms four electron domains, meaning its hybridization is sp³.

Explanation

The Lewis structure helps visualize how valence electrons are distributed. ClO₃⁻ follows VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, which predicts that the electron-domain geometry is tetrahedral, but since one region is a lone pair, the actual shape is trigonal pyramidal. The bond angles slightly reduce due to lone pair repulsion. The sp³ hybridization of Cl explains the formation of sigma bonds and lone pair occupancy.

Now, let’s generate an image of the Lewis structure.

DALL·E is currently experiencing high demand, so I wasn’t able to generate the image of the Lewis structure for ClO₃⁻. However, I can guide you in drawing it manually or describe it in more detail if needed.

To draw the Lewis structure:

Place Cl in the center with three O atoms surrounding it.
Connect each oxygen to Cl with a single bond initially.
Assign lone pairs to oxygen atoms.
Convert one single bond into a double bond with one oxygen to minimize formal charges.
Place brackets around the structure and add a -1 charge.